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Tuesday, April 30, 2019

WLAN Throughput Performance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

wireless local area network Throughput Performance - look Paper ExampleWhen there are multiple simultaneously active users transmitting data on the WLAN communicate channel, the throughput decreases. This is because the users experience a collision. These colliding parties must wait for a defined back shoot period before retransmitting. This results in loss of air time thus affecting the systems throughput. InterferenceRadio based WLAN are unregulated. Other products transmitting energy in the identical frequency spectrum results in interference. For instance, microwave ovens can be a source of interference to a WLAN system. Most WLAN manufacturers design their products to account for this interference. Interference mostly arises from otherwise access points (AP) on the same and adjacent radio channels. It can be mutual and harmful. In minimizing interference, different radio channels are used. Frequency hopping and other frequency optimization techniques are developing to help manage interference. Interoperability of wireless devicesWLAN systems from different vendors may not be interoperable. This is because different technologies will not interoperate. For instance, a system based on mobilize spectrum frequency hopping technology will not communicate with another system based on cattle farm spectrum direct sequence technology. Moreover, systems using direct frequency bands will not interoperate even if they employ the same technology. In addition to that, systems from different vendors may not interoperate even if they both employ the same technology.

Monday, April 29, 2019

Write a team paper about the economic history of a Canadian town or Term - 1

Write a team just about the economic account of a Canadian town or city of your own choosing - Term Paper ExampleFurthermore, Ontario is the chief(prenominal) manufacturing centre with many industries ranging from communication technologies, automobiles, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology and medical services. In the entire Northern America, Ontario has the largest jurisdiction in North America in terms of assembly of automobiles according to the available statistics, in 2011 Canada exported 88% of its produced vehicles most(prenominal) of them destined for the United States. In the same year again, Ontario made exports from its manufacturing industries worthy $258 billion (Ontario, 2014). In terms of employees, Ontario has a higher number of employees in its manufacturing industries compared to Texas and California. In the outlandish sector, Ontario has got the first class farming lands in the entire country and there are about 51,950 farms according to the 2011 census. When transl ated in the entire country, they make about a quarter of the entire productive land in Canada. The main production from Ontarios agricultural sector include, flowers, cash crops, fruits, dairy and beef cattle farms, ornamentals, and vegetables (Ontario, 2014). The forestry sector also contributes to Canadas economy it supports the tired of living to about 53,000 people. In mineral production, the city produced a revenue of $10 billion dollars in 2011 (Ontario, 2014).The economic history of Ontario dates back to 12,000 years before the arrival of the European settlers. The Iroquoian and Algonquian had settled on Ontario in the past 12000 years (Ontario, 2014). In early 1600s, both British and French colonist started arriving to decease in Ontario (Ontario, 2014). After the 7 year old war from 1756-1763, most of the land had been grabbed by the British settlers. This area was later named the province of Quebec that covered Ontario, Part of the United States, and Quebec. Immediately after the revolution, most of the Americans liege to the British settlers moved to Ontario (Ontario, 2014). Later, Ontario was

Sunday, April 28, 2019

Analyze and discuss that negative connotation, first explaining what Essay

Analyze and discuss that negative connotation, first apologiseing what you believe the phrase Slant of luminance refers to in Emily Dickinsons Poem 258, - Essay ExampleIn the first two lines of the poem Dickinson describes a indisputable quality of light, which leads the ref to think of it as a poem about nature. In stanzas two and three, the reader finds that the poem is not on nature, but the light spoken of, is about as state of mind. In alluding light to be Cathedral Tunes or winter light Dickinson uses the important feature of light to explain the persons state of mind when encountering the light but not the light itself.Poem 258 is make up of for stanzas each having four lines and is mostly in the trochaic meter. In describing Dickinsons poems, Edith Wylder said, Her punctuation governance is an integral part of her attempt to create in written form the precision of meaning native in the tone of the human voice. (Edith Wylder, 1971) therefore the use of the word light is more implied in Dickinsons poem and is not used with its literal

Saturday, April 27, 2019

International business DISCUSSION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

International business DISCUSSION - prove ExampleWhile they are out, HR professionals should contemplate on how much the expatriates rely on them and the bear upon of their personal touch they have. Organizations should invest in global awareness training and educate employees who are confused in global operations at all levels. The HR should give achievable expectations and be dispatch about post-assignment obligations. The role of the HR professional is to make the expat understand what the assignment, he/she is going to undertake.Expatriates should get predeparture economic aid and consultations for expats and their families. It will be a ethical practice if basic language skills and intercultural training be provided to the expatriates (Tyler 98). Providing good strategies for expatriates such as a reasonable budget and a selection of support services would be a good approach. It spends employers money intelligently, and their families would confide in the business as they think the company recognizes the challenges the families go through. HR professional ought to enable mentor relationships amongst expatriates and establish systems to give incentives to mentors. Carl says, Some of the expats I worked with had terrible quantify coming back there was nothing available to them (2006).Getting an expatriate home safely is an main(prenominal) cause to the expatriate, his/her family and the sponsoring organization (Tyler 100). An expatriate will experience emotional and professional challenges that deter an unbroken travel by and can result to their resignation. HR professional(s) has a mandate to make the expats feel lucky to have their occupancy at the

Friday, April 26, 2019

Compare the nature and impact of nationalism in India and in Essay - 1

Compare the genius and impact of nationalism in India and in sub-Saharan Africa in the 20th century - Essay ExampleCultural identities vanished, political identities and political discrimination done by g everywherening body and economic deprivation are the problems faced greatly by these people. These people reap different small social groups which result ultimately in the development of ideas providing basis for nationalism. Many movements which stick out ideas based on the concept of nationalism (Pamir). British conglomerate ruled was ruling all over the world in the twentieth century. The main goals ought to be achieved by these rules were the total use of natural and gentleman resources of the occupied countries. Sub-continent is still estimateed as golden bird by world was conquered by British Empire in 1857. British enter the sub-continent for trade. At that metre the whole area of subcontinent was lacking in a strong centralized government. All regions of sub-continen t consisted of small empires of different people and continuously fighting with individually otherwise. plenty factor used by the Britishs East India Company, acted as a good recon for British. ascribable to this recon British know nearly all about the strengths and weaknesses of the rulers of the area aiding in capturing of whole region. On the other hand in sub-continent rulers were engaged in mutual disputes and at the time of invasion did not helped each other, in-fact aided British in order to capture the land of enemies (Ganguly, 11-25.). Last rebellion movement that failed in 1857 the whole rule of the sub-continent was fallen into the hands of British. If we compare India with other colonies of British Empire at that time there is a major difference amidst other freedom movements and movement that resulted in the liberty of sub-continental region from British. Other freedom movements going on around the world were violent in nature (Ganguly, 11-25.). In sub-continent l iberalization and elected institutions were present in even at that time. Other movements of the world contained a considerable amount of violence in them while movement in sub-continent was based on laws and democratic ways. There was an agreed constitution of 1935 implemented all over the region. Yet social and economic discrimination was still faced by most of the type of sub-continent. The major cause of increase in bountifulness of the independence movement happened due a small incident that happened in 1853. Cow was considered as a sacred element for both Muslim and Hindu soldiers (in-fact some of the sectors in Hindu religion consider cow as goddess). Muslim and Hindu soldiers refused to use the skin of cow as a part of greasing material used for tearing off of the cartridge. All those soldiers were ordered to be killed by commanding military officer on that place. At the start of 20th century nationalist parties gathered on a champion platform in order to provide politi cal impedance to already present movement of independence. At start of the 20th century both Hindus and Muslims were on a single platform regarding the issue of get independence of freedom from British Empire. Both big leaders of Hindus (Gandhi) and Muslims (Muhammad Ali Jinnah) now known as founders of supreme states of Islamic Republic of Pakistan and biggest claimed democracy Republic of India respectively (Ganguly). But history repeated itself conflicts raised between Hindus and Muslims

Thursday, April 25, 2019

External consultant for staffing services Case Study

External consultant for staffing services - Case Study ExampleTherefore, it is full(prenominal)ly advised that the smart set adopts the subtlety of both acquisition and development of talent. This is the case because since all employees, full time or originate time, are part of the snipforce, there will al counsellings be vacancies that can never be fill up by someone already present in the phoner. That is why the company human re fount has to source from the external professionals. After acquiring this talent, it is highly recommended that the company develops this talent to the level of operation required. This is the only way to develop the culture of the company because Saari, Lise and Timothy (2004) indicated that employees tend to be part of a company culture when they are developed within the company. Top managers like the regional managers should therefore never be acquired provided developed from within. Lag or Lead System The company should strictly continue with th e lead system. piece resource experts indicate that customers tend to be part of a company when all its stores are run in a homogeneous way. Tanglewood is experiencing a situation where some branch HR managers are adapting their proclaim way of running their branches. It is this lack of uniformity that creates customer confusion among the different branches (Cooper & Burke, 2011). No doubt the company had to hire a consulting firm to help develop the missing team work. Given the competitive diligence that the company is operating in, it is easy for huge companies like Wal-Mart to acquire Tanglewood one day. An different advantage of lead-in is that the company president is able to easily co-ordinate all the branch activities since there is a high rate of cognizable and unified operating systems. With the company operating 243 stores in 15 divisions, lack of homogeneity can create a drop in communication between the stores. Moreover, the company elements were taken from those of the other firms in the industry. A strong counterproductive initiative by any of the competitors based on these elements would be extremely dangerous to the company. External or Internal Hiring The company organizational structure is said to be that which a familiar hierarchy. It is said to be a deceptive structure in that most of the decisions source from the subordinates. Moreover, there is always a directive that assistant store managers should always give instructions to their juniors. Therefore, owe to this, the company is supposed to create two hiring avenues. The first avenue is where the senior management teams are never employ from the external setting. Secondly, the very junior management teams like the store and operations associates are hired from the external setting. This is important to making sure that the culture of the company is developed. In view of Wilton (2010), when a indolent put opens aup at the top management, there is need to promote someone in the re pective disdain position to cover up for that. The resultant view will be that each employee in the respective lower position will be promoted leaving the lowest position vacant. This is the position that would involve external hiring. sum or Flexible Workforce From the case information, the company is said to maintain a core work force, whether temporary or permanent. From a professional perspective, much as it is the will of the company to develop a core

Wednesday, April 24, 2019

Legalization of marijuna Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Legalization of marijuna - move ExampleA professor of sparings at California State University suggests that the well-groundedisation of marijuana would submit considerable positive economic consequences. The valueation and regulation processes involved with decriminalization would provide the federal political science with $6.2 billion worth of tax revenues (Grammy 2). When adjusting for inflation, this total increases to over $8 billion (Grammy 2). For just one state, California, legalization is estimated to be an opportunity to produce an additional $151.8 cardinal (Grammy 2). An otherwise economist significantly inflates the aforementioned projections, suggesting that in California alone, legalization would provide the state with between $1.5 billion and $4 billion of new tax revenues (Wolff 2). These argon significant improvements in the strength of state level economies which, nether current prohibitive economic environments, are not achievable through any reputable taxati on program. Additionally, marijuana barrier under the current matter drug enforcement policy is considerably expensive. In Alaska, these costs total $24 million (Bates v). None of these costs have been able to be compensated for with grants or compel fines associated with marijuana economic consumption. A professor of economics at Boston University estimates that in Massachusetts, the costs of enforcement equal $120.6 million (Miron 1). The state-level expenditures for enforcing marijuana prohibition are paid by taxpayers, which represents a burden for hard-working Americans that must service enforcement programs whether or not they accord with the policies. These are significant state-level costs that could easily be avoided by legalizing the substance. Furthermore, the criminal justice system is fraught(p) with problems associated with prison over-crowding, which also imposes costs on society and state/local budgets. Many local jails and prisons are at maximum capacity, cont inuing to be a problem as non-violent offenders arrested for marijuana production and consumption contributes to this problem. The estimated costs of police protection under the prohibitive policies are $2.55 billion annually (Grammy 2). Judicial and legal costs under this policy are estimated at $7.76 billion annually (Grammy 2). Furthermore, the total cost of national corrections is projected to be $776.2 million (Grammy 2). These are quite outrageous costs that are imposed that could be better allocated to more socially-centric programs such as violent offender rehabilitation or other preventative programs that would provide better protections to society against violence. Taxpayers should not be financially supporting these inflated and rather ridiculous costs that are incurred for a policy that is largely ineffective. The White House, however, is a stoic opponent of legalizing marijuana, despite the aforementioned financial gains that could be incurred through legalization. Th e Office of the President believes that legalization would do subatomic to prevent further drug violence. The White House is firm that members of drug cartels would simply attempt to force an undercutting pricing structure to ensure they maintained their long-standing market share on marijuana sales (ONDCP 3). dose cartels are usually involved in violent behavior and, under the White House

Tuesday, April 23, 2019

Men and Women in Sports Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

manpower and Women in Sports - Essay representativeDoping issues differ slightly in both genders. The trends in challenges and rewards faced by men and women throughout annals in the late(prenominal) and what ought to be expected in the future shall be examined in full dot in the essay below.During the early 1960s, women were quite limited during access to sporting facilities. But in the later(a) sixties, there was the introduction of the womens room liberation movement. This served as a stage in which women realized that there was divergence in this area and it also acted as a plat smorgasbord where they could raise their concerns about the lack of opportunity. thereof in the s even offties, most colleges and high schools began opening up their fields to allow training and practice even for women. (Fasting and Knorre, 2005)At the same time, men had been the sole dominators in the 60s and 70s. This was mostly seen by the fact that there were sports equal football, baseball a nd basketball were played by men. The main challenge that they faced at this time was proving their worth(predicate) in their sporting activity of choice. Facilities were non a hindrance to their progressCurrently, things pick out improved for women in comparison to what happened three decades ago. Most high schools and colleges accommodate formed womens teams in games like tennis, swimming, volleyball and basketball. much(prenominal) institutions now recognize that female teams are almost if not as important as mens team. They have now designated time for women to access facilities like swimming pools, basketball fields and others. But this does not mean that women have full access to these facilities. There are some sporting facilities that are close up considered predominantly male like rugby and baseball fields. Women engaging in such sports face a lot of difficulties when trying to practice or when training. It is even worse when trying to access facilities for the purpos e of disputation as precedence is given to males.Men in sports have to adjust to the fact that sporting facilities are not merely for them. They are now realizing that womens sports need to be accommodated this means that they now have to pick up used to the idea of sharing. Things are not being handed down to them without any struggles.2.3 Access to facilities in the futureThe future looks more promising to women because there are plenty of activities voicing the inequalities that women in sports have had to bear. This means that sports will now be less restricted and it is very likely that women will have fair practice and competing times in sporting facilities in high schools, colleges and even recreational facilities. (Fasting and Sundgot-Borgen, 2000)Men will continue facing more need to adjust to the fact the facilities are not simply meant for them. It is very likely that their domination of sporting facilities will come to a slow end.3.0 Sportsmanship3.1 Sportsmanship in the pastDuring the 1960s and 1970s, there was blatant discrimination of women in sports. This was the reason why there was the womens movement in 1968. Women had to deal with the fact that they were denied representation in most games and most men simply thought that their form of sport was an intriguing issue to be seen but not to betaken seriously.(Leah et al 2002)At the same

Monday, April 22, 2019

Marketing Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Marketing Plan - Essay Example employ the case of Shangri-la hotel, this study allow for highlight the specific branding and brand positioning strategies apply by this particular hotel company. In relation to the need to serve the price-sensitive customers a.k.a. the brand switchers, this study discourseed the advantages and disadvantages of using a separate brand name. At the end of this study, the bsuiness benefits associated with the intention of brand extension strategies were tackled in details.Shangri-la is unity of the most well-established hotel brands worldwide. In 1971, the first Shangri-La hotel was built in Singapore (Shangri-La, 2013a). Eventually, the company decided to fatten out its business operation in other countries. Throughout the entire Asia Pacific region, Europe, North America and the sum East, Shangri-La hotels and resorts own at least 72 five-star hotels under the brand name Shangri-La (Kuhm, 2011 Shangri-La, 2013b). With the use of brand extension, t he company is using the brand name Kerry and Traders to serve the hotel needs of people who are more(prenominal) price conscious (Kuhm, 2011).Branding is more than just the use of a company name, logo, or a trademark (Kotler, 2000, p. 404). In response to the business achievement of Shangri-la Hotel as a brand, this newspaper publisher will focus on discussing and analyzing how this particular company was able to create competitive advantage with the use of in effect(p) branding strategies. As part of going through the main discussion, this report will first discuss the branding strategies used by Shangri-la Hotel and how this company was able to benefit from its branding strategies. Eventually, this report will tackle the significance of branding and brand positioning in the contemporary international tourism. Prior to conclusion, this report will identify and discuss potential problems or limitations which may have impede the business success of Shangri-la Hotel. Based on the

History of Unemployment in America Research Paper

History of Un practice session in America - Research Paper ExampleIt has not always, however, been the wealthy and highfaluting country it has been portrayed to be. Throughtaboo its history, unemployment has been a figure of great cin one casern. There put up been periods of extremely impression unemployment, followed by some alarmingly high periods of unemployment where even the most experienced and educated among us have struggled to find work. To progressively move towards a more free and prosperous country in the future, it is valuable to understand the historical trends of unemployment in America, the people affected, and the overall impact on American society in general. Historical Unemployment Trends in America Actual unemployment figures in the United States are only available from the mid-forties onward, but we do know that American has went through cyclical trends of employment throughout its formation. As recently as 2009, the unemployment rate was over 10% and contin uing to rise (Beyers, 2013). While many in the jr. generation believe this was as bad as it has ever been, history certainly tells us otherwise. interestingly enough, in the early days of America, employment was almost guaranteed. Simply considered the vast area of our land and touch that with the reality that the population of the country real started off quite small, and America had the perfection economic and employment conditions under which to thrive (Closson, 1895). And, thrive the country did during those early years. There was so much to be through with(p) after the Revolutionary War that around anyone who wanted a job could have one. This was particularly veritable because of the agrarian nature of the early Republic. There were relatively few factories, so as soon as those were built and opened, much staff was needed. In addition, farming work in the late 1700s and 1800s was incredibly working class intensive, so the job that takes one person today required as many a t 50 a few hundred years ago. As such, unemployment was basically unheard of and not even counted for nearly 180 years after America gained its independence (Closson, 1895). As America began to expand, the need for laborers expanded justifiedly along with it. Consider the Homestead Act of 1862. This government policy gave every adult American up to 160 acres of public land, with the one provision that they agreed to cultivate and put it to use within five years. This created a renewed vigor and America that was based on expansionary and visionary thinking (Closson, 1895). Because of this, once again, more people were needed to cultivate the land given out nationwide than thither was actually available in the work tear. Even Americans who were considered down on their luck during this time period quickly discovered that they had more job offers that they could imagine. The mood in the country was quite bright as employment was high, and the possibilities seemed limitless. Again, t here was no perceived need to count unemployment due to the fact that everyone who desired a job had one. As the land began to become cultivated, however, and the industrial revolution began to sweep through America, changes were certainly on the horizon. It should be pointed out that farming work, and cultivating land, did not pay much and it became increasingly difficult to sustain a family on psyche elses land. As such, as soon as factories began to be built in full force in the latter part of the 17th and salty 18th centuries, there was a mass migration

Sunday, April 21, 2019

Forum Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Forum - Assignment ExampleThe reader hears of his experiences and that of other characters in the story directly. He tells the the Statesn, It get out perhaps be peculiar(a) for youcoming, as you do, from a country that has not fought a war on its own soil in living memory (Hamid, 2007). Changez reflects on the world and informs the American of the gravity of the incident at fireside, as compared to America.Changez is unhappy with his American experiences, and on his visit home, he is visibly depressed. He refers to America as a city not of his birth, because of its unusual environment. He feels familiar at home and seems happy to see his pal, who ruffles his hair with his hand.In addition, Changez uses similes in his comparison of America and his home country, Pakistan. When his mother and brother question him about New York, America, he says, It was odd to speak of that world here, as it would be odd to sing in a mosque (Hamid, 2007). He highlights the cultural differences be tween the two regions and does not want to give birth any story that may seem unusual. He uses the word unusual to characterize the line of credit of the two

Saturday, April 20, 2019

Jack Finney's Time and Again Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jack Finneys Time and Again - Essay ExampleThe novel itself contains pictures and drawings that shew buildings and monuments of 1882 New York City, thus, making it an interesting read for the ratifier. This paper analyzes Finneys description of life in prehistorical and present, with a personal reflection at the end. The novel portrays that life was much simpler in 1882 New York City. The reader comes to know that Si, through an arrangement of self-hypnosis and well managed environmental control, travels into the one-time(prenominal). Everything seems so simple, still the events occurring ar quite disturbing, with Pickering as the antagonist. The photographs and drawings of that earned run average show that Si finds it very appealing as compargond to the present era. According to Si, The faces are incompatible (Finney). This is a statement that encompasses every change that the period between past and present has seen. Si observes a lot of farming on Manhattan. The Dakota and Museum of Natural History are standing alone without any hurly gruff renovations. The arm of the Statue of Liberty is resting on itself in the Madison Square. Si is enchanted with the simplicity of the fashionable Ladies knot of Broadway. He enjoys the jingling of the sleigh bells in Central Park. There are no vehicles, no automobiles, no planes, and no computers. The food is much better. Finney, through his character Si, shows much attraction toward the era of 1880s, when there was no hustle bustle of modern technologies and nuclear developments. Finney is not very glad with the anarchy of the 1960s, where he experiences that everything is falling apart. Si brings Julia to 1960s, where she is surprised to see how many changes time has brought to history and to the world. Si tells her how vulnerable everything has become, and there are many places where common law-abiding citizens cannot even dare to go. A group of young Negroes was walking toward Lex, so I didnt hang around to e ncounter them and explain how fond Id continuously been of Martin Luther King (Finney), which is the statement that portrays fear that inculcates itself into the hearts and minds of all common men. Si tells Julia about the anarchy and topsy-turvyness that has changed time into a poisonous mayhem, where past seems like an alien phase. To Finney, 1880s era is very simmer down and soothing and, through the character of Si, he assures that he would have very comfortably lived in that era where everyone had a special place in society, not like the complicate era of 1960s. However, there are some aspects of 1880s which Finney is not at all happy about. He sound offs that that era was void of comely healthcare, as, for example, doctors did not have the concept of antibiotics. Smallpox was common. Poverty, corruption, and vicious brutality were there. Finney writes On the streets of the eighties I proverb human misery, as you see it today and depravity, hopelessness, and greed and in the faces of small boys on the streets I dictum the premature hardness you see now in the faces of boys from Harlem. But there was also an excitement in the streets of New York in 1882 that is gone. These lines are a complete depiction of what Finney thinks is better about 1880s, and what he think is bad. I believe that Finney has very correctly portrayed the pictures of past and present in his novel. Time has changed, but has brought with it so much advancement that has benefitted the world in many ways. I believe that both the past and the present have their plus and

Friday, April 19, 2019

Individual coursework Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Individual course survive - Assignment ExampleThis theory asserts that administrators make decisions based on the state of affairs at hand rather than a bingle size fits all technique. An administrator takes correct act based on features intimately significant to the animated state of affairs. Managers in an institution of higher education may desire to utilize a worry approach, which includes contribution from workforce while a manager in the armed forces may want to absorb a domineering approach.Looking at the M.A.S holdings, Mr. Mahesh the director of this investment used this theory successfully. After the work situations in Sri Lanka had gotten hard, he sought to resolve this matter well within the required period. He fixed to put into practice and experience his new-fangled thought, and hired the female labor for the real initial instance in Sri Lanka, knowing the reality that female in Sri Lanka were extremely experts in garments related fields. His target was to utiliz e the cheapest and most expert professionals to labor for them.Rigby, (2008) affirms that, Hiring women, as employees were not an easy undertaking because the females were not permitted to toil and they were controlled from their families. He started dexterous women to abscond their homes and get chances to make wealth. Further, he started diverse operations with the aid of his spouse. He also create free of charge residence for women, free of charge dispensaries and checkup facilities inside the factories, free of charge eat and lunch for women functioning for this undersized entity.This was more than adequate for the deprived families, so they had deep thoughts of it. As cadence went, the females from diverse parts of the state got optimistic and went for employment. After several course of time, the administrator started manufacturing Bra for the fully grown corporation brand called Victoria secrets. It was a prominent corporation, and this was not easy to begin dealing with this corporation. He

Thursday, April 18, 2019

Learning Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Learning Journal - Essay ExampleIn ordinate to fully achieve inclusiveness, most companies fetch been encouraged to adopt policies that reflect affirmative fulfill and those that are in line with anti discrimination laws and regulations. The companies should also have various practices that embody disparate approaches to managing change dimension. Various studies I came crosswise in tender-hearted resource have focused on the question of diversity management and how firms can incorporate policies to ensure a more diverse men and how this will benefit the nerves. A common understanding is that managing diversity in the workforce can befriend an organization become more innovative and adaptable to the ever changing cable environment as well as helping the organizations meet their performance objectives (Verspaandonk, Holand & Horne, 2010). I found out that in rough jurisdictions, the issue of workforce diversity has been backed with a legal foundation. Companies are expected to comply with line up out legislations concerning employment procedures so as to avoid discrimination. In some cases, its mandatory for organizations to have guidelines and policies to ensure inclusiveness in terms of gender, race and disability (Dickens, 2000). The other relevant fact I came across in my study is that in order to achieve equality in employment, organizations have to take in to account twain affirmative action and anti discrimination legislation as well as other approaches to managing diversity dimension. Affirmative action refers to the various policies that are used to ensure inclusiveness in areas of business, breeding and employment in terms of race, religion, sex or age. Diversity in the workforce refers to the policies and practices that aim at including people with certain qualities in the workforce, which the current staff does not have. This could either be on the hind end of age, disability, experience, gender or special talents. In our country Austr alia, the idea of workforce diversity has been welcomed by organizations both in the public and private sector (Strachan et al, 2010). Our Department of Immigration and Citizenship has been at the forefront at ensuring diversity at all levels of the department. This has enabled the department to be among the best performers in the public sector (Strachan et al, 2010). Diversity involves a wide range of issues in an organization. These issues are both internal and external to the organization but turn to a large extent the business operations (Dickens, L. 2000). Among the issues that affect diversity dimension in an organization include the organizational culture, ethnicity, religion and political power, disability, sexual and gender issues employee representation among others (Verspaandonk, Holand & Horne, 2010). In my opinion, in order to effectively manage diversity, businesses have to employ various strategies as well as following guidelines as well as working within the various laws and regulations from the state that aim at ensuring inclusion of marginalized individuals in the workforce. I also understand that diversity management is a key issue in human resource and has been the center of focus in recent studies and research in human resources, especially the business case

Wednesday, April 17, 2019

The Evolution of the British Welfare State Essay

The Evolution of the British Welfare State - Essay ExampleIt is often said that the peachy Statesman, who rescued a warn-torn Britain in the First World War, Winston Churchill lay the very foundations of the British welfare state. compensate as back as 1909 he had laid the groundwork for his radical ameliorates, for the labor workforce aimed at making working conditions pleasant and to improve labor relations with the employer.The modern- sidereal day health insurance transcription is indeed a brainchild of Churchill and in 1946 despite his conservative roots he still gave gestate for Clement Atlees introduction of near-full socialism in Britain.The emerging labor party, in particular, took it upon itself towards a commitment to reform and social justice, which was later dubbed rhetorically as the British brand of socialism.And thus began a period joint welfare which sought to rid the society of the scramble for private gain which tainted the societys ideals and conscience in t he name of Capitalism.According to contemporaries like George Bernard Shaw who called this an installment of Socialism rather than a revolution.Britain has had much to witness from its contemporaries in this regard.Whereas the Soviet Union seemed a complete package of central planning a concept new to the West, the British Government took this influence to enlarge its role in the Economic sector.This was the outset of a Welfare state which began in the mid-thirties as the Government became active in its industrial ventures.The saving of the national economy was a cause shared by all the affectees of the war.The traditional 19th-century liberalism was in shambles now and the concept self-interest being a social good was rejected as plain selfish and Unjust. One of the key leaders of this movement Prime Minister Attlee once remarked that the capitalist economy and self-interest was a pathetic faith resting on no foundation of experience.The new Britain as envisaged by its labourite perceivers would be a promised land where past mistakes would never be repeated and the government would take function for its people.The Beveridge Report was prepared by a government-appointed commission during World War II under William Beveridge, a former economist, and bureaucrat.The aim of this report was to slay the five giants of Want, Disease, Ignorance, Squalor, and Idleness.The report generated worldwide controversy particularly in the Soviet and German circles, as Britain braced its role as a welfare state.The Beveridge report vie a pivotal role in the setting up of free medical care(the modern day NHS), promoted the idea of pensions and welfare education and housing and unemployment benefits

Tuesday, April 16, 2019

Theoretical Framework Essay Example for Free

Theoretical Framework EssayA theoretical framework is delimit in this study as the social system of concepts which exists in the literature, a ready-made map for the study (Liehr Smith, 2001) it provides the structure for examining a problem and serves as a guide to examine relationships between variables (Ingelse, 1997). Theoretical frameworks are of the essence(predicate) in exploratory studies, where the researcher does not know ofttimes about what is going on, and is trying to deal more. As Borgatti (1998) suggested There are two reasons why theoretical frameworks are important here. First, no librate how little you think you know about a topic, and how unbiased you think you are, it is impossible for a charitable being not to have preconceived notions, even if they are of a very general constitution (Borgatti, 1998) A study of the literature reveals that there are many theories in use in the nurture systems field alone (Schneberger Wade, 2006). The Implementation of I. D Scanner Systems in the Students of Polytechnic University of the Philippines Santa Rosa Extension Campus shows how scientific induction to provide the students ease and better service every start of the scorees.It is communicated /disseminated to students who will attend their class in the university, as what is stated in the dispersion of Innovation (DOI) Theory. The Diffusion of Innovation Theory The Diffusion of Innovation Theory by Rogers E. M. states that an innovation diffuses or spreads through our society in a inevitable pattern. A few people will pick out an innovation as soon as they disclose of it, other people will take longer to try something new and still others take much longer.The people who are at the back of the PUP website are those we can consider the innovators, and the students as the adopters of the innovation in the enrollment procedures. The Diffusion Innovation Theory includes the four key steps that effectively add the diffusion parade whe rein the innovation in enrollment procedure is going through. The first step is experience, wherein the PUP students are made aware of the new process of enrollment and registration. The next step is idea where the diffusion process takes place mostly within the mind of the adopter.The individual weighs the advantages that the new technology would exploit to him or her personally. Based upon these evaluations and discussions with others, the individual begins to learn toward either adoption or rejection of the innovation. This is where the students analyze the advantages and the disadvantages of the new process of enrollment in PUP compared to the traditional. The third step is Decision. The individual makes the final decision of whether to adopt or reject. The last step is Confirmation where the individual seeks validation.

Monday, April 15, 2019

Business Research Methods Essay Example for Free

affair Research Methods EssayOrganizational DilemmaStarbucks grew as it attracted many spate, leading to tripling its stores worldwide. It became part of all(prenominal) neighborhood, appearing on every street, in airports, supermarkets, and roadside rest stops all over America. This is when complaints began to turn up that Starbucks is transforming into a fast-food restaurant and non a hot chocolate house. The coffee industry was no longer henpecked by Starbucks, for competitors began to put pressure on the business. In addition, the biggest dilemma to hit Starbucks was the 2008 economic crisis. This took a bell shape on the consumer who saw Starbucks as a luxury and searched for more affordable alternatives. As a result, Starbucks forethought was faced with the need to generate the right management question that would be the thread to making the outdo decision through its seek design.An organizational dilemma can spark a research question. once an organization deter mines a situation exists, research methods start to devise and eventually sample designs are implemented. When deal think of Starbucks, do they think of great customer service, quality products, clean store, or great coffee? The organizational dilemma is how should Starbucks go about keeping loyal customers while overcoming the old perceptions and changing with the times. harmonise to Howard Schultz, We are not in the coffee business serving people we are in the people business serving coffee (Starbucks Board of Directors, 2008).Research DesignMarius Pretorius (2008) research infers Starbucks organizational dilemma, whether strategical or functional is not diminished when using Michael ostiarys (1985) generic strategies for competitive advantage. Declining gross revenue require a turnaround solution that address strategic causes and cost relationship pressures that govern pack determinants. Which are highly susceptible to external influences that are not clearly visible to the decision-makers (Pretorius, 2008, pg. 21). Designing a two- stop exploratory study to identify the basis of distress and the key determinants is essential to a turnaround strategic plan.An exploratory study provides sufficient flexibility to address research costs, timelines, and development of clear constructs to address priorities and operational definitions (Cooper Schindler, 2011). The first stage of the study will look to ascertain the causation of the organizational dilemma and choose the asymmetrical relationships in declining sales by examining both internal and external independent and dependent variables. This research will categorize findings into four relationship types as stimulus-response, property-disposition, disposition-behavior, or property-behavior. This will refine the second stage of research and explore influencing factors in depth.Characteristics and Operational DefinitionsThe research design will produce casual inferences upon which a complementary strateg y will result. Although they may be neither permanent nor universal, these inferences allow us to number knowledge of presumed causes over time (Cooper Schindler, 2011, pg. 154). Therefore, it is important to identify moderating or interactive variable dependencies. To control data validity operational definitions will challenge data to meet specific standards. These definitions may not exhibit the organizations use but will establish a means to submit clearly an event. The main concern is to establish actionable information in which contributory or dependent upon(p) effects on the original independent to dependent variable (IVDV) relationship will provide data-based conclusions.ReferencesCooper, D.R. Schindler, P.S. (2011). Business research methods (11th ed.). New York, NY McGraw-Hill/Irwin.Porter, M.E., (1985). Competitive advantage Creating and sustaining superior performance. New York, NY The Free PressPretorius, M., (2008). When Porters generic strategies are not enough Complementary strategies for turnaround situations. Journal of Business strategy 29(6) 1928. Starbucks Board of Directors. (2008). Retrieved 22013, February, from Starbucks.com www.starbucks.com/aboutus/environment.aspStarbucks, (2011) Our Company Mission Statement. Retrieved from http//www.starbucks.com

Skokie vs. Collin Essay Example for Free

Skokie vs. Collin EssayIn Skokie, Illinois Frank Collin wanted to march in the Village of Skokie, Illinois. Skokie had the most Jewish residents per capita in the United States at the time. His political views are representing the National state-controlled Party of America because he was a regional leader of the organization. Frank Collin was eventually granted leave to march by the seventh United States circuit chat up of appeals by the ruling, 1st amendment is King. The court also determined that the government couldnt restrict expression because of a message, idea, subject matter, or content. In the eccentric of Collin vs. Smith, I disagree with the ruling of the seventh US circuit court of appeals.Some community agree with the ruling because if the government were to deny the NSPA the proper to march, it could have given the party even to a greater extent than political leverage against the very people who disagree with them. The NSPA could claim the unconstitutionali ty of the case ruling and would raise more political attention than they had already received. While society wants to morally deny the NSPA the right to march in a public park and express what some may refer to as hate actors line, which except instills more political power in the NSPA.I disagree with this stance because if the court denies Frank Collin and the NSPA the right to march, than the court is not granting more attention and political power to them, it is simply following the rules established in the constitution. The NSPA could not use this court ruling against the United States to appeal the decision even further. This ruling would be consistent with all opposite forms of hate that were denied the freedom of expression. The marches, which were to take indicate, were certainly in the wrong place at the wrong time and in the wrong manner to promote general welfare and take in domestic tranquility.Also, I disagree with the ruling of the court because the premiere amen dment does not protect all speech such as hate speech, slander or libel. The signs that the NSPA had were promoting the death of Jewish people and all other non-white Americans or anglosaxon descent. This is hate speech and is not protected by the beginning(a) amendment. The written defame on the signs has a malicious tone and the spoken slander by the Socialist party violates the first amendment.In conclusion, I disagree with the ruling of the seventh US circuit court of appeals in the case of Collin vs. Smith. The court decided that Collin had every right to demonstrate his ideology in a peaceful withstand as protected by the first amendment. This ruling serves no justice because the socialist party was violating the exceptions to the first amendment such as hate speech, libel, and finally slander. The demonstrations did not promote general welfare, and violated the tranquility of others.

Saturday, April 13, 2019

White Resistance to the Civil Rights Movement Essay Example for Free

White Resistance to the Civil Rights question Essay passim Reconstruction, southern discolors felt constantly nemesisened by legislation providing rights for causality slaves. The Civil Rights Bill of 1875 was the drop dead rights bill passed by congress during reconstruction. It protected on the whole Americans (including blacks) access to public accommodations such as trains. With the threat of complete equality constantly looming, violence toward former slaves gradually increased in the years pursuit the Civil War. Beatings and murders were committed by organized groups like the Ku Klux Klan, out-of-control mobs, and individual white southern men. During Reconstruction, white southerners had extra governmental power, so they resorted to violence in order to control African-Americans. Although it is true that some whites embraced the prospect of a new interracial landscape for America, many more reacted with hostility. They vexationed social and political change, and were very uncomfortable with the point that their old way of life seemed gone for good. Although there were many forms of broad unsusceptibility to the Civil Rights Movement and what it stood for, the impact of white resistance, both violent and nonviolent, on this period in Americas story is truly immeasurable.There are two scholarly workings that not provided trace the white resistance movement with historical accuracy, but also stress the plight that African Americans felt at this tumultuous time in history. The books that I am referring to are colossal Resistance The White reply to the Civil Rights Movement by George Lewis, and Rabble Rousers The American Far Right in the Civil Rights geological era By Clive Webb. Although these works are both written about the same period in history, they soak up much different points of view concerning white resistance and what brought it on.The southern way of life encompassed very unadorned mixtures of economic, cultural, and so cial practices. Because of this, integration of African Americans into everyday life did not come without resistance. In this paper I intend to interpret and compare these two scholarly books, while explaining the role of the states and the federal government as well as individual groups in the progression and eventual fragmentation of these white resistance movements. The introductory thing that can be observed upon glancing at George Lewiss book Massive resistance is its cover image.It is a photograph of elementary school children and women protesting against desegregation in New Orleans in 1960. The main instruction of the picture depicts two women yelling loudly along a sidewalk. At their side, a young schoolboy holds a poster that reads All I want for Christmas is a clean white school. Other women and children stand in the background. One person is holding a poster that refers to states rights, as others gaze toward the street. Two women are be the event wearing handkerchie fs and curlers, indicating that they possibly had rushed out of their homes to partake in the mornings activities.Above the scene is the books title, Massive Resistance. To a reader who might be unfamiliar with the general topic of this book, the covers text and image might illustrate somewhat of a contradiction. What people fail to consider is that fateive resistance did not solely amount to what is visible in the photograph on the books cover. This does not depict all that stood in the way of African-Americans struggling to gain their civil rights. Women and children yelling from sidewalks with posters was one of many responses used by American conspiracyerners in opposition to desegregation.In his book, George Lewis reveals the many ways in which southerners went about these acts of massive resistance. passim the book, Lewis traces the historical evolution of the term massive resistance and explores the variety of contexts in which it was carried out. In discussing the role o f Senator molest Flood of Virginia, as well as elements of the mass media, Lewis reveals the many causes and actors in the acts of massive resistance. At first, massive resistance was the response of different elements of white society in the South, in opposition to the federal governments plans to mingle southern society.Lewis discharges many historical explanations that viewed massive resistance as simply being carried out by southern political elites. He also dismisses the idea that the resistance only occurred at the well-known sites of segregationist protests such as Little Rock, Ole Miss and Birmingham. The author also discusses activities occurring at the grassroots level, which reveals that the movement of southern white resistance was very diverse. In regards to the beginning of the movement, Lewis rejects the idea that the Supreme Courts Brown decision was the only event that started massive resistance.He states that citing Brown as the single catalyst shows that many s cholars have misinterpret the movement. He believes that the movement was more complex than that. As an amorphous beast, massive resistance must be viewed as a phenomenon that was too sprawling, and simply not sufficiently obedient, to have been ushered into existence by a single landmark event (24). Lewis divides the movement into three historical periods of resistance activity, and then examines different ways in which it was displayed. He explores each phase chapter by chapter.By doing this, he covers many aspects such as the tactics used in various states, the role of the Souths political elite and Citizens Councils, the actions of state legislatures, the role of the mass media, and white justifications for their discriminatory policies (they call it a product of long-standing southern culture and tradition). The first period of accent covers the immediate years following the Brown decision of 1954 up until the signing of the Southern Manifesto, which signaled the start of the molybdenum period of resistance.Finally, the third period included the first half of the sixties, which is when the movement gradually lost its chroma at the political and social levels. Webbs documentation of this historic period of time provides a double-dyed(a) contrast to Lewis. In Rabble Rousers The American Far Right in the Civil Rights Era, Clive Webb describes the stories of five white extremists who conducted war against integration with intense hate. The purpose of Webbs work is to assess the causes, characteristics, and consequences of far-right activism in the South from the 1950s to the 1960s (p. 2).Webb argues that these men were not extreme abnormalities, but that they represented something deeply rooted in the American political culture, which is something seen in todays resurgent far right (p. 214).Out of the five men Webb profiles, two focused their energies on fighting school desegregation and entered their target communities as outsiders (Bryant Bowles and Joh n Kasper), two of them were former military men who attempted many unsuccessful campaigns for political office and encouraged violence as a necessary means to defend their homeland (John Crommelin and Edwin A.Walker), and one was the most violently fanatical antiblack spawned by massive resistance who served as legal defense for offenders of anti-civil-rights violence, was suspected in bombings and murders, and also set the foundation for contemporary white hate organizations (p. 153).To fuel violence, these self-proclaimed saviors of the white race also made whites fear black men preying on white women.Finally, although the men showed a lot of variation in their stories, they were sympathetic in that they all developed anti-black stances, even though they had little knowledge of or interaction with blacks. In this work, Webb shows how local political contexts shaped these mens successes and failures. He also shows how these five men and the organizations that they were affiliat e with affected the overall course of massive resistance. He gives evidence of the ways in which support of foreswear speech created an unexpected connection between the far right and far left. He calls the men and the organizations and actions they were interact terrorist, creating a more contemporary view of the situation.These five men were ostracized and repeatedly arrested during the civil rights era, but at the same time they were enabled by the support of white elites. While massive resisters continued to pursue their schedule throughout this broad period of time, forces that were involved in the struggle for civil rights and desegregation challenged the institutionalized system of racism that had forever been the norm in the South. Their efforts along with the commitment of the federal government led to the theodolite of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. As a result, segregation and political disenfranchisement of African-Americans in the South were illegal.The two works by Lewis and Webb give completely different depictions of massive resistance by southern whites during this era, while put away conveying similar messages. After researching these two books, I have come away with a clearer sense of the forces and dynamics that comprised the massive resistance movement. Sources Lewis, G. (2006). Massive resistance The white response to the civil rights movement. London, England Bloomsbury, USA. Webb, C. (2010). Rabble rousers The American far right in the civil rights era. Athens, GA University of Georgia Press.

Friday, April 12, 2019

Twins Genetics Essay Example for Free

correspond Genetics EssayIntroductionTwin pregnancies still face greatest challenges in obstetric c be and fetal medicate today. Much is know about the ailments by studying the victimisation of childs who confuse sh ard the aforementioned(prenominal) foetuses. Pregnancies occurring with repeat have a higher incidence of preterm labour, miscarriage and fetal death when comp ard to exclusive pregnancies. Non- akin parallels (dizygous, binovular, f arrangernal, or dizygotic) result from the fertilization of deuce independently released ova by two different sperm. Their catching makeup is as dissimilar as one would expect in the midst of siblings. completely these correspond possess separate amnion sac.Whereas, a same(p) twins (monozygous, uniovular, monozygotic) a deck up from the splitting of a single fertilized testis within the first 14 days after fertilization. Monozygous twins, depending on the timing of embryonic cleavage, whitethorn be dichorionic diamniotic (d13), monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) (d38), monochorionic monoamniotic (d912), or conjoined, when cleavage of the embryo occurs on day 12 or beyond (Farah Siddiqui, 2007). monozygotic twins although, considered inheritedally same, but in that location may exist a significant phenotypic dissension especially in the psychiatric ailments like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. (Mario F. Fraga, 2004) The history behind using gibe to analyse the role of heredity and surround in human life heads back to 19th century. Francis Galton. Charles Darwin cousin-german was the first researcher to think of this. Since, then twins are been considered as aspects of study in biology, medicine and psychology.Galton perspective that since twin pairs (both identical and non-identical) share the same environment, there give be greater coordination of the contagious concomitantors in the affection in genetically identical twins compared to non identical twins. just, by contrast, similar coordination place for a disease in twins pairs (both identical and non-identical), or disputes between the identical twins, suggest that the disease is probably due to non-genetical factors.Twin studies have been m whatever times use to estimate the impact of genetic factors on the disease cause. It is believed that a genetic mental picture is suggested when the concordinance rate is identical twins exceeds that in nonidentical twins. The concordinance rate in the both identical and nonidentical twins in population based studies suggested that in fount of manifold sclerosis there is 27% occurrence compared of the latter which is 3%. as intimately as, Rheumatoid arthritis occurrence in spring in 12.3% compared to the latter which is 3.5%.Whereas in formic lupus erythematosus the musical harmony rate in nonidentical twin was nil compared to the identical twin, where the rate were 33% (Marco Salvetti, 2000). Twin studies also have the possiblity of assesing other application s in the assessment of aspects of potential relevancy in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. on that point are possible precipitating factors of autoimmune conditions that await definition including epigenetic set up due to DNA aor protein modifications, the accumulation of somatic mitochondrial DNA mutations, X chromosme incativation and the transcriptionally active endogeneous retroviral sequences presence (Marco Salvetti, 2000). This contribution discusses the difference in the monozygous twins in which factors like the timings of monozygous twinning, linguistic differences and the genetic mechanism are discussed. in that respect are m any differences observed among twin pairs like mirror twinning, hair eye, and finger prints etc. without any known reasons or in other word we have very limited regarding of wherefore these assortment of differences arises?. In case of mirror twinning al most(prenominal) 25% of twins have differences and most ordinary is handedness wher e both twin used different hand for particular purpose. The difference due to any unknown mechanism is also included. The biggest challenge faced by investigators for evaluating genetic basis of complex disease is to put small number of genes responsible for disease among thousands of genes present in whole genome in attachment to that environmental effect makes task more difficult. Thus development of ideal model system to investigate genetic basis of disease becomes primary requirements. In the following some of the case studies where twins were used as model system for explain genetic bases of diseases are discussed including factors like immunity, leukemia, infectious and autoimmune diseases.A corpusMechanisms for differences in monozygous twins In general perception Monozygous (MZ) twins are physically and genetically identical. Similarly, clinical determination of zygosity relies on the assumption that any physical differences between a pair of twins imply they are dizygous . As per the other perception dizygous twins share approximately 50% of the same genes, whereas monozygous twins share light speed%.But advancement in molecular techniques and understanding of genetic science of twins puts several question marks on above mention perception as there are galore( stick onnominal) exception regarding genetic composition and physical appearance of mono and dizygotic twins. There are many numbers of intrauterine effects and other mechanisms that may result in phenotypic, genotypic, and epigenetic differences between monozygous twins. Some of those mechanisms are as follows.Timing of monozygous twinning Monozygous (MZ) twinning occurs when single fertilized egg give rise to two separate embryos and timing of this separation decides the post zygotic differences in upcoming twins. As primeval the separation there will be less similarity and late the separation there will be more similarity. During development if the two embryos are separated at latter par t most of the differentiation processes completed to begin with they separate and hence both offspring have similar bank line.The fundamental example of late twining is twins having putting green somatic organ (Conjoined twins). While in case of previous(predicate) separation the process of differentiation occurs independently which leads to creation of differences among of springs. If twining occurs 8 days after the fertilization and before 12th day the twins are quite identical to each other and called as monozygotic twins comprises of to the highest degree 5% of total twins.Genetic mechanisms It is widely believed that monozygotic twins are genetically identical and any differences among them are result of environmental influence. But there is an ever-growing body of evidence that monozygotic twins are not always genetically identical. A number of phenotypic transitions in monozygotic twins have been demonstrated to be caused by genetic differences alone and not influence by ante-natal environmental factors. In addendum epigenetic modifications in particular sets of gene within a monozygotic twin pair leads to altered expression and hence contribute towards differences. (Paul Gringrasa, 2001).Genetically monozygotic twins can be different at the take aim of chromosome (number or morphology of chromosome) or DNA (mutation, epigenetic modification). At chromosome level variation classical example is gender difference and certain diseases like Turner syndrome (XYY) this is mainly happened due to aboriginal post zygotic mitotic error, resulting in heterokaryotic twining that involves nondisjunction or anaphase lag of the Y chromosome.While at DNA level there are mainly three mechanisms by which differences arises for example differential gear methylation of CpG island leads to in activating or activation of particular gene and which contribute in causing differences among monozygotic twins. Not only that, this process of methylation is paint factor for inactivation of whole X chromosome and many X-linked diseases like fragile-X, colour blindness, are result of this inactivation. Similarly post zygotic mutation leads to emergence of differences among monozygotic twins.Differences due to some unknown mechanism There are many differences observed among twin pairs like mirror twinning, hair eye, and finger prints etc. without any known reasons or in other words we have very limited understanding of why these kinds of differences arises? In case of mirror twinning almost 25% of twins have differences and most common is handedness where both twin used different hand for particular purpose.The reason behind this was thought to be due to asymmetry of cerebral hemisphere dominance. Similarly, hair and eye colour were know to be the identification mark for dizygotic twins but now it was realized the there are many instances where the differences were observed in MZ too. The reason behind these differences are not well understood and tho ught to be due to complex genetic interaction and post zygotic mutation.Linguistic differences Twin based heritability estimates for oral communication rarely exceeds 0.6 and for monozygotic twins in many instances they were found to be very different. In addition to that it was found that MZ are more likely to suffer linguistic delay and impairment than singletons. There are many factors which affect or create these differences like genetic, epigenetic and prenatal environmental factors. Meta-analyzed data from almost 100 twin studies indicate that depending on what aspect of language is assessed, heritable factors account for between 1/2 to 2/3s of the variance in language- impaired twins linguistic abilities and 1/4 to 1/2 of the variance in normal twins linguistic abilities.These meta-analyses also reveal that for both languages impaired and normal twins (Stromswold, 2006). The major contributory factors among perinatal environmental conditions are low parenthood weight, prema ture birth, Placental and amniotic complications, Intrauterine infections, neonatal hyperbilirubinea, brain injuries to language area etc. as well as post natal factors includes language input, parental role etc. There are no well documented genetic factors influencing the language in isolation and always studied in light of environmental influence.Twins and genetics and diseases The biggest challenge faced by investigators for evaluating genetic basis of complex disease is to identify small number of genes responsible for disease among thousands of genes present in whole genome in addition to that environmental effect makes task more difficult. Thus development of ideal model system to investigate genetic basis of disease becomes primary requirements. The study of twins become central stage for this kind of probe for example in case of non-identical twins there are some similarity like age, family environment and background environmental variation while they have different geneti c makeup, Provides ex cellular telephoneent tool to resolved effect of genetic makeup on diseases.While in case of identical twins, similarity in genetic makeup provides researchers with ways to isolate the function of individual genes involved in disease unneurotic with approaches to understanding how genes and the environment interact. Followings are some of the case studies where twins were used as model system for explain genetic bases of diseases. (Alex J. MacGregor, 2000)Twins and immunity Immunological disorders are some of the widely observed phenomenon and almost 5% of total population is suffering from these disorders, including insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), multiple sclerosis (MS), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and coeliac disease. hygienic correlation between genetic makeup and immunological disorder were established based on respective(a) twins studies.Here in this particular case the co mplexity of disease and involvement of genetic as well as environmental factors makes twin studies a right system for investigation where investigators can assure one parameter (genetic makeup in case of identical twins) and other variable to evaluate effect of other factor (i.e. environment). Initially genetic and environmental factors are both thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases. But after employment of twins based study voicelessly rejected the above argument and intelligibly demonstrated that environment is the major contributor towards immune disease. Twins study demonstrated that the majority of identical twins with an autoimmune disease have an unaffected twin (Table 1).Table 1. Concordance rates in identical and non-identical twin pairs in population-based Studies of immune-mediated diseasesDiseaseIdentical twin pairs (%)Non Identical twin pairsMS26.73.5RA12.33.5IDDM132.5SLE330(Marco Salvetti, 2000)In some cases initially unaffected twin may develop the clinical disease some years after the index twin, but that was not statistically significant. As the majority remain unaffected on prospective study. But one should memorialize that even identical twins can differ genetically for example X-chromosome inactivation in females. And differential methylation of CpG Island leads to expression of entirely different sets of genes.Similarly there are several somatic rearrangement occurred during T cell receptor development and antibody production and thus differential disease susceptibility in identical twins may be due to effect of non genetic (epigenetic) factor on genetic. Similarly, one should note the fact that observed frequency of particular disease (table1) found to be more in case of identical twins compared to non identical twins clearly indicates role of genetic factor. In conclusion for immune diseases environmental factors play major role in light of genetic background.Twins and Leukemia The first report of acc ordant leukemia in twin children appeared in the German literature in 1882 and then after many reports came in similar lines, Most of these studies indicated that there is almost 5-15% concordance rate among monozygotic twins and there are significant differences observed in case of different type of leukemia and age.But surprisingly in case of adult twins the concordant was found to be less than 1% which clearly indicated prenatal origin of disease. The risk estimation of likelihoods of occurrence of disease in co twin is not quite sinless but they can be consider as reasonable guide and approaching 100% for infant while risk of the order of 1 in 10 for older children. This estimation is valid for monozygotic twins and those who have monochrorionic placenta. (Mel F. Greaves, 2003)Twins and infectious diseases There are several observations that clearly indicate infectious diseases have an inherited element, and individuals respond differently to particular infections. The behavior of infectious agents can vary so greatly between strains that the effects of individual Variation are best seen when the same strain of an organism simultaneously infects previously unexposed individuals. Twin studies have compared the disease status among identical and non-identical twins, with the expectation that disease concordance will be higher in identical twins for a disease with a genetically determined component. (Table 3).Even though there are numerous studies carried out to identify major gene responsible for diseases susceptibility there was no clear picture appears for the same. The major contribution for diffrential suceptibility of infectious disease came for variation in HLA (major histocompatibility complex), T cell recptor and diffrential V-D-J recombination among twins. The environmental factor here played very pivotal role.Table 3 Table depicting the concordance of disease percentage in both monozygotic and Dizygotic twins, accordance to the country. (Hill, 20 01)DiseaseConcordance*CountryMZ (%)DZ (%)TuberculosisGermanyUSAUK656232251814LeprosyIndia5222PoliomyelitisUSA36 6Hepatitis BTaiwan354Possibility of twins having twins Birth of Identical or monozygotic twins dose not run in to the family but non identical of dizygotic twins have some heridetory influence. The main reason behind this is monozygotic twins are developed from single fertilized egg while non identical twins develop from two egges shed by ovary. The process of egg shake off have genetic manifestation and observed in woman having family history of twins.In conclusion, a mother of brotherly twins is 3-4 times more likely to have another set of fraternal twins. A woman who is an identical twin is no more likely to have twins compared to someone else expecting.Conclusion Twins were consider to be an ideal model system to understand influence of genetic and environmental factors on various aspect of human life including diseases susceptibility, metabolism, social behavior, IQ , personality, linguistic proficiency, Behavior etc. But the biggest challenges were to understand influence of individual factors on overall development of twins.In ideal condition MZ twins considered to be genetically and physiologically identical but there are many exceptions and that is mainly Due to post zygotic mutation and epigenetic influence along with well studied environmental factors. Similarly Immunity and disease susceptibility is mainly influence by environment and partly by genetic factor. For certain diseases like cancer, preventive measures should be taken in case of one of the twin diagnosed with disease, as chances of emergence of same disease in co-twin are high. If the potential of twin studies is to be realized there should be strong collaboration between clinician, scientist and data management agency. Till recent past the main emphasis were stipulation to genetic and environmental factors for any differences among twins. But development of newer technology based on molecular biology changes our perceptions. The epigenetic factors emerge as key contributor towards onset of physiological changes among twins at old age. scrupulous investigation along with new technology makes twin studies more useful with conclusive answer of various problems.BibliographyAlex J. MacGregor, H. S. (2000). novel uses to study complex traits and genetic diseases. TRENDS IN GENETICS , 131-134.Farah Siddiqui, A. M. (2007). Twins. OBDTETRICS, GYNAECOLGY AND REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE, 289-295.Hill, G. S. (2001). GENETICS OF SUSCEPTIBILITY TO military personnel INFECTIOUS DISEASE. NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS , 967-977.Marco Salvetti, G. R. (2000). Twins mirrors of the immune system. IMMUNOLOGY TODAY .Mario F. Fraga*, E. B. (2004). Epigenetic differences arise during the lifetime. PROCEEDING OF NATIONAL honorary society OF SCIENCES , 10604-10609.Mel F. Greaves, A. T. (2003). Leukemia in twins lessons in natural history. BLOOD , 2321-2331.Paul Gringrasa, ,. W. (2001). Mec hanisms for differences in monozygous twins. EARLY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, 105-117.Stromswold, K. (2006). why arent identical twins linguistically identical? Genetic, prenatal and postnatal factors. COGNITION , 333-386.

Wednesday, April 10, 2019

Personal Paper on Euthanasia Essay Example for Free

individual(prenominal) Paper on Euthanasia EssayA flavor is ending. Losing a life is tragic seemly within its own right. Euthanasia appears to be the best option for a patient. Though the family and patient occupy suffered immensely, they must continue to suffer mentally and physically through the passive euthanasia process. This particular patients death was tragic and slow. The body had broken down, and only a shadow of who the person formerly was laid in bed as the last breath was taken.If another form of euthanasia, cal take combat-ready euthanasia had been legal, a large amount of pain and suffering could have been spared. If passive euthanasia is legal, then active euthanasia should be legal too. Passive Euthanasia, is when a physician determines that death is unavoidably close, that rather than educe suffering, to stop whatever treatment is keeping the patient alive. An example would be, if a person is being unploughed alive by a machine that breathes for them, a decision is made to turn off the machine, indirectly ending the persons life.Also, there are many cases that are not as childlike as that. Often times, passive euthanasia can be performed on a conscious person. If a person is alive, but barely capable of living, a tube that feeds the patient is removed. This leads to the patient starving to death, which led to the patient dying in great pain. My father was diagnosed with terminal colo-rectal cancer, and instead of trying surgeries that would lengthen his life by a few months, he chose not to.My father was passively euthanized. He died a oftentimes different man that I have known my whole life. He, once a large robust man had lost around a hundred pounds, and was bedridden. All of his muscles were slowly disintegrating because of atrophy since he was unavailing to get out of bed. He was in major pain despite the medication he was given, and in the last month of his life the cancer had gone into the blood and to his brain, making him hallucinate,

Tuesday, April 9, 2019

Heroin Essay Example for Free

Heroin EssayHeroin is a extremely crackpotive analgesic drug. Heroin, which is a fashionable choice of drug in America, is not a in the raw drug that magic every(prenominal)y popped up in the late 1960s. In the mid 1800s opium was a popular drug. Opium was brought to the country by Chinese immigrants who came here to work on railroads. In the old west alcohol addiction as a big problem and opium was promoted as a cure for alcoholism. Before it was illegal opium was unquestionable as a wound killer in 1810. It was considered a wonder drug because it eliminated severe pain associated with medical operations or traumatic injuries.Heroin became popular in 1930s and 1940s and thusly through the B depletenik subculture of the 1950s. During this period the major supply of heroin entering the U. S. Heinrichr Drese, a German physician, detect heroin in 1895. He mixed acetyls with morphine, and thus, heroin was created. Heroine is made in several different ship bathal but they all come back to a single base- Morphine. Morphine comes from Opium, the resinous substance name inside the fruit of the opium poppy.Once the opium is harvested, its three main alkaloids (alkaloids are basically a biochemical arrange in plants) are separated intoMorphine, Codeine, Thebaine. Morphine and Codeine are the only two alkaloids which can be converted into Heroin. Thebaine is the base for bupenephrine which is a very strong narcotic pharmacologically and is mostly used in the discussion of opiate/opiod addiction. Heroin has several different lovings of appearances. The purest heroin is a white powder but un comparable cocain it does not prolong a crystalline structure visible to the human eye it looks more like powdered milk.The most commonly heroin in the U. S. is brown heroin. The lowest grade of heroin is Tar. Its called Tar heroin because it looks like black tar. Usually a powder containing heroin (diacetylmorphine) hydrochloride and some kind of filler. This ca n be snorted or injected, sometimes it is heated on foil to create vapors to inhale, seldom it is eaten. Black tar or tar heroin is a less refined form of heroin hydrochloride that is sticky like opium. You can smoke heroin or inject it subcutanously (under the skin) or intravenously (into a vein). r ingest it (sniff it) or go out on a limb simply eat it (lessened effects).Heroin effects the primal nervous schema by depressing it. Heroin depresses nerve contagion in sensory pathways of the spinal cord and psyche that signal pain. This explains why heroin is such an efficacious pain killer. Heroin also inhibits brain centers exacting coughing, and breathing. First-time or infrequent users often experience illness and vomiting after injecting heroin intravenously. a heroin addict experiences a physical addiction to the drug.The addict needs to continue taking it to ward off withdrawal symptoms, including dysphoria (a combination of anxiety, depression and feeling restless), ins omnia, tendon aches and diarrhea . Heroin touch ons our society because It causes first time users to become addicts, also it troubles/interfere with the nervous system. The sex activity that uses heroin the most are males and the race that uses it the most are Hispanics. Heroin affects the central nervous system by depressing it. Heroin depresses nerve transmission in sensory pathways of the spinal cord and brain that signal pain.This explains why heroin is such an effective pain killer. Heroin also inhibits brain centers controlling coughing, and breathing. Shortly after using, a feeling of euphoria will come over users, in which they have a warm flushing of the skin, a dry mouth and the feeling of having heavy arms and legs. After the initial rush, users will go into an alternately wakeful and drowsy state sometimes called on the nod. Because heroin suppresses the central nervous system, the user experiences cloudy mental function.Users will begin to breathe at a poky rate a nd their breathing can reach a point of respiratory failure. Physical ways heroin can affect you It slows down your heart beat breathing rate. The depth of your breathing becomes shallower. It slows down the safari in the Gastro-intestinal tract causing, Nausea vomiting, Constipation, Dry sticky mouth, Heroin decreases muscle tone strength resulting in, dense speech Sluggish movements, Delayed reactions response, a heavy sensation in arms legs, Lack of muscularity coordination.Heroin can affect you mentally by Heroin causes confusion clouds your thought processes, You make reasonless decisions. It alters your perception of reality, Emotional growth becomes arrested, It suppresses emotions, Heroin causes depression and lack of motivation, It gives you a false sense of withdrawal method from reality the pain it may cause, You have a false sense of normalityHeroin can cause permanent brain damage involving Learning short term memory, Emotional growth maturity, finality m aking problem solving, Speech.The affects if heroin is used regularly You develop a greater tolerance to all opiates , You become physically mentally dependent on heroin (or addicted) , Chemical imbalances in the brain affect your moods emotions, A depletion in the production of brain endorphin levels makes you depressed,Your body stops producing its own naturally occurring endorphins

Sunday, April 7, 2019

Website Migration Project Essay Example for Free

Website Migration invent EssayIntroductionTonys Chips is a medium surface enterprise that aims to enkindle its operations through e commerce. The comp each aims to migrate from its current extern anyy hosted meshsite to a new e commerce constitution that giveing be hosted internally. The new strategy depart tolerate information storage, retrieval, tribute and recovery solutions for the enterprise. It leave withal modify the company to perform commercial proceedings through the website. The new outline is expected to improve on the operational reliability provided by the real placement. The company excessively aims to adopt a body that exit provide better info equity facilities. The firms management views a redundant constitution as offering the more or less noble-minded recovery solutions. The new remains is expected to provide improved info ass facilities as surface up as alleviate the firms electronic transactions.Project goalThis project aims to produce a agreement that leave alone adequately address Tonys Chips system requirements. In light of this, the systems architecture give consider all of the systems requirements in its design. The systems architecture go forth bump off use of the nonpareilly performing mathematical operations. The project aims to create a cohesive system from the many ready(prenominal) system comp onents by putting emphasis on application compatibility. The project withal aims at creating original recovery solutions for the system. This impart be under(a)taken with the aim of enhancing system recoverability. Available system component alternativesThe systems requirements call for an adoption of system architecture that is healthy, stable and efficient. The architecture give encompass an operate system broadcast, a database, a web legion and legion side scripting softw ar. For each of these system sub sections, there is a large vicissitude of computer softwargon solutions us able for adoption. These tools possess operational, monetary value and adaptability characteristics that make them suited for application in varying areas. A web servers operating system has a world-shattering influence on the capability of the resident system (Gunther, 2006). This necessitates the need for an ideal web server course of study selection. Several operating system (OS) platform alternatives are gettable to Tonys Chips. For instance, the company stack charter to run the new system on a Microsoft Windows Server OS platform. Some of the server platform applications provided by Microsoft include Windows Server 2008 and 2012. These operating systems are advantageous in that most online applications are getable to the Microsoft Windows Server platform. Additionally, expertise on Windows server OS is readily available.As a result, implementation and sustenance operations for applications using this platform are complemented by available personnel. However, Microsofts licensing fees for new versions of the OS exhibit an economic obstacle to the adoption of the platform. In addition, the platforms credential facilities are not as accepted as those of alternative server platforms much(prenominal)(prenominal) as Linux and UNIX (MacDonald, 2009). Linux offers a variety of server OS distributions. These include Red Hat, Ubuntu and CentOS. These server platforms have the common advantage of being easily traditionizable, stable, secure and robust (Tanenbaum, 2001). Cento possesses the best expertise support among Linux distros. This is because of its long development cycle. CentOS, however, does not possess the enterprise level operating abilities of Red Hat Linux. Of the currently available Linux distributions, Red Hat Linux offers the best writ of execution when apply in enterprise level applications. UNIX is also a feasible server OS platform alternative.Its performance characteristics are similar to those of Linux. Its hardware specificity and cost, however, present a challenge to its adoption in server applications. As shown, a variety of server platform facilities are available to Tonys Chips project. Tonys Chips choice of web server software will signifi sesstly affect the projects success. Various web server software alternatives are available to the companys system design. Microsofts internet information run (IIS) is one such solution. This webs server is designed to run on Windows server platforms. Consequently, it integrates well with Microsofts online applications. It features an intuitive lifelike user interface that simplifies its installation and use. However, the costs of installing new versions of this web server are high. In addition, its restriction to the Microsoft server OS platform inhibitssystem flexibility. An alternative to IIS is the Apache web server. This is an open sourced application that flock be implemented on a wide variety of operating system platforms. Apaches consolidation of a pear l and PHP engine facilitates easy integration with the application programming interface (Gunther, 2006).In addition, this web server is available for free. This makes it a cost effective alternative. Further, Apaches regular(a)t-driven architecture modifys it to perform ideally even under heavy loads. However, Apache usage involves a relatively strenuous learning curve. The softwares mazyness may present an obstacle to its use by new users. An otherwise web server that can be adopted for use in this project is Nginx. This server is easy to use as well as stable. It is also based on an event driven architecture. This architecture makes it an efficient user of system resources even under heavy loads (Tanenbaum, 2001). Nginxs ease of installation, configuration, and use make it a viable alternative for adoption in Tonys Chips system. As illustrated, various applications are available for adoption in the project. Various alternatives also exist for scripting of the systems server si de applications. PHP, pearl, ASP, coldfusion and Java are rough of the choices available to this project.PHPs advantage accrues from its relative simplicity. It can be integrated into HTML with ease fashioning it an ideal choice for many web development projects. However, its power is express mail by the spoken communications relatively short life span (Tanenbaum, 2001). In spite of this, PHP has the ability to perform adequately in most website applications. Another scripting alternative, ASP, provides great performance for the majority of web server applications. It enables combination of scripting languages such as VB script and Javascript. This makes it very powerful. However, ASP is limited its scope of application. It can only be apply on the Microsoft Windows platform.This limits system flexibility. Coldfusion is also a viable server application choice for use in Tonys Chips system. It is simple, flexible and powerful. However, it is relatively expensive. Java also prese nts a suitable chose for use in the system. Java can be utilized for the project in a number of ways. The language can be used to create Java server pages which integrate Java code into HTML. Java can also be used to create request handling programs. These programs send complex requests to Java web pages. This feature makes it doable to execute complicated data manipulation operations with ease(Hunt John 2011). Java is also a cross platform application. This makes it a complement to system flexibility. However, Javas expertise costs are relatively high. These alternatives illustrate the variety of scripting language alternatives available to the project. infobase solutions to the projects include Microsoft SQL and MySQL. Ms SQL supports the storage of large sums of data in a big number of relations. It incorporates reliable data security and integrity facilities. It also facilitates stead speedy system recovery in the event of failure. This is because it possesses several recov ery facilities such as its ability to push back and roll forward transactions. However, this database application is proprietary. As a result, the adoption of this database application may be heighten by the softwares relatively high costs.MySQL, on the other hand, is free. It also incorporates robust security and integrity features such as views, authentication procedures and constraints. MySQL can run on a wide variety of OS platforms with relative ease. This makes it a popular choice for web applications that require flexibility and scalability. Additionally, MySQLs wont built storage engines enable the database to meet specific user requirements. MySQL database users also have access to a wide variety of prebuilt data storage engines such as myISAM, InnoDB, Falcon, merge, memecached and solidDB. However, the implementation of MySQL databases is time consuming. This is because MySQLs limited support for some database features necessitates a lot of user interface coding. These a pplications present the most viable database deftness alternatives for Tonys Chips system.System designFor this project the Red Hat enterprise Linux distribution will be used as the operating system for the companys server. This is because this operating system is capable of achieving the performance requirements of an enterprise such as Tonys Chips. It also has a high capability of recovering from system failures (Guise, 2008). This is in addition to its incorporation of security features such as the ability to virtualize applications and integrate native bright cards. Real time monitoring and call frame canary word utilities also provide reliable protection from threats such as hackers. Red hat Linuxs users are eligible to the provision of expert support from the OS vendor. As a result, system implementation andmaintenance is simplified by service from vendor technicians. Vendor support is also provided for all Red Hat compatible software. In addition, patches for bugs are rel eased periodically. These patches ensure improvement of systems incorporating the OS. As illustrated, red hat represents the ideal server OS platform choice for a company seeking optimal system performance.The project will adopt an Apache web server. This is because Apache provides the most cost effective solution to the performance requirements of Tonys Chips. In addition, Apache servers user base is the largest among current web servers. Apache is used on 46% of webs servers worldwide (Hunt John 2011). The source code for Apache is available to its large user base. As a result, Apache users have access to faster resolutions of any bug associate issues. Patches to the software are frequently released. These patches improve the servers performance. For Tonys Chips, this feature presents an opportunity for invariable system improvement. Apache web server will also grant greater flexibility to the system in the event of future change in system requirements. This is because it can o perate across multiple platforms such as Windows Server and Linux. Server side scripting for the project will be done through Java. This scripting language will be selected because of the powerful capabilities that it provides to online applications.The use of Java will enable the enterprise to implement complex and distributed web applications in an efficient manner. It will enable the enterprise to reap maximum benefits from e-commerce by enhancing efficiency of the websites functions. The plug ins needed to run Java web applications on Apache are readily available (MacDonald, 2009). For this reason, Java will integrate well with the Apache web server. Its ability to run on multiple platforms will also ensure that the system is flexible. It will enable achievement of system requirements with relative ease. In addition, it will easily facilitate future system adaptability due to its flexibility.These features are illustrative of why Java is the ideal scripting choice for the projec t. For the servers database, a MySQL server will be used. This application will be used because of its ability to cater to Tonys Chips specific data storage needs through custom storage engines. This represents a big advantage to the company. This is because it will adopt a database that specifically meets all its data storage, retrieval and update requirements. In addition, MySQL is secure andperformance oriented. For instance, the number of transactions trackd in MySQL can be increased by grouping transactions from multiple connections. This feature ensures optimal database performance even under heavy work load (Ashenfelter, 1998). MySQLs bug related performance issues are resolved fast because its source code is available to a large programmer community. The software is also very cost effective because it is free. These features make MySQL the best choice for database implementation in Tonys Chips system. System architectureThe system architecture will comprise a database linke d to a dynamic website. An apache server will handle user requests. HTML and Java will be used to create the website. These programming languages will enable users to access the systems go over the internet. Java will also enable transactions between the system and other web applications. These transactions will link the system to facilities such as online payment applications. In this manner, the system will enable online commercial transactions. The Red Hat Linuxs security facilities will be integrated with those of the Apache server and the MySQL database. In doing this, security features will be incorporated at multiple levels of the system. For instance, authentication procedures will be implemented by the operating system as well as the database. The system architecture is illustrated below.Downtime reductionAs Tonys Chips migrates from the external to the internal web server, the amount of downtime can be reduced by ensuring comprehensive preparation for the migration proces s. Enlisting the webhosts cooperation for the migration operation is primaeval to a fast and efficient system migration (Gunther, 2006). Before initiating the migration process, all data at the old server should be backed up. The new database should then be set up to ensure that the migration process is not delayed by data transfer. Before migrating, the new database should be tested in cast to describe and resolve any performance issues.In order to ensure minimal disruption to the company activities, the system administrator should schedule the system migration for periods with minimal user traffic. In addition, users should be provided with prior notice of the migration operation. This reduces the performance issues thatmay arise from users attempted access of the system during migration. The change of server IP and domain holler should be conducted having performed all the database migration, backup and system testing. Once the new system has been launched, it should be monit ored with the aim of detecting any emergent performance issues.Anticipated outcomeThe system will enable accesses of company services through the website. A use case diagram depicting a customers order through the system is shown below.The system will enable Tonys Chips to engage in e-commerce. Products from the company will be advertised and sold through the website. The system will also provide data memory board services to Tonys Chips. This is because data pertaining to online sales will be stored in the systems database. This data can be analysed by use of data mining tools such as insightful miner. Data mining operations will enable Tonys Chips to infer critical information from the systems data cache. In this manner, the system will allow Tonys Chips to remain competitive. The system will also provide recovery facilities to Tonys Chips. It will feature facilities such as duplicate databases and journaling facilities that will enable recovery in the event of system failure. I n order to ensure system continuity in the event of disaster, duplicate copies of the system will be maintained at different geographical locations. These facilities will ensure that the system remains operational even if a disaster occurs.Updates to the main system will be duplicated in the backup systems automatically. This will ensure that the system will always be recoverable. The system will also incorporate security facilities for Tonys Chips data. Multilevel security facilities will be used to enhance the protection of data from unauthorized access. The system will provide transaction information to all the relevant stakeholders. Inbuilt transaction procedures will facilitate automatic provision of transaction information to other online applications. For instance, taxation authorities will receive data on revenues due from the companys online transactions. These services are expected to be realized from the systems implementation.Support operationsSupport operations for the system will include training for users as well as system administrators. As the system is implemented, users and administrators will receive technical training on how to access relevant services. They will also be trained on how to detect and resolve system faults. Customers will have access to an online help forwardness on the systems website. Further, support staff will always be available to do new users. This support will be provided through online chat and telephone communication.Maintenance operations such as software and hardware updates will be performed in accordance with vendors recommendations. In addition, any changes to system requirements will be addressed by performing relevant updates. System administrators will be need to constantly analyze the systems operation. This will enable them to quickly identify and solve any emerging threats or system faults. Training manuals will also be provided to relevant staff. These manuals will enhance familiarity with the system s operations. These support services and operations will boost the benefits accruing from the system implementation.Project ratingEvaluation of the projects success will be performed by performing search to contain the systems impact on Tonys Chips operations. In doing this, stakeholders such as customers and system administrators will be issued with questionnaires. These data collection tools will seek to determine whether the system is performing as expected. Issues such as the systems ease of use, data security, user friendliness, and speed will be investigated. Interviews will also be conducted within Tonys Chips community to determine the systems effects on company operations. Additionally, the systems journaling facilities will be used to provide performance related information. The findings from this research will be compared with system requirements. This will enable an accurate determination of project outcomes.ConclusionThis system plan will provide a guide to the syste ms design, implementation and maintenance. It will also enable one to infer the reasoning behind decisions made over the course of the project. Additionally, the plan will enable efficient utilization of resources such as time and money. This project plan can also be used as a guide to understanding the operation ofTonys Chips new system. Project gantt chartReferencesAshenfelter, J. P. (1998). Choosing a database for your web site. Hoboken, NJ Wiley. * Guise, P. D. (2008). Enterprise Systems Backup and Recovery A Corporate restitution Policy. * Boca Raton, FL Auerbach Publications.* Gunther, N. J. (2006). Guerrilla Capacity Planning A Tactical Approach to Planning for Highly * Scalable Applications and Services. novel York, NY Springer. * Hunt, C., John, B. (2011). Java Performance. Trenton, NJ Prentice Hall. * MacDonald, M. (2009). Creating a web site The missing manual (2nd edition). New York, NY * Pogue Press.