Police Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Police - Essay Example In the case of a large-scale police box, someone is always there, so it is convenient for visitors. In contrast, each residential police box is manned by just one officer, making it possible to cover a wide area with a small number of personnel. The residential police box system is effective in rural and semi-rural areas, where there are relatively few crimes and accidents. Since officers posted at residential police boxes work and live in the same place with the ir family, they can keep in closer contact with community residents. Police boxes vary widely in size. Apart from an office area, a police box has a simple kitchen and break room for officers. A "community room", a reception room for residents, has recently been incorporated. Residential police boxes have been built as a combination of office and residence, and recently they also contain a community room in the office section. Small-size police cars are deployed at many police boxes and residential police boxes for use in pa trols and trips to and from the police station. All police boxes and residential police boxes feature a red lamp above their entrances. Many community residents feel reassured when they see this lamp, and it has become an instantly recognizable symbol for a police box or residential police box. ... Under the three-shift system in which most police box officers works, on-duty officers work from one morning to the next, but their net working hours are 16, because they receive a total of an eight-hour break over the shift. At busy police boxes such as those located in city areas, however, officers cannot take such long breaks. In contrast, a residential police box officer works eight hours a day and five days a week. However, he needs to receive residents even outside working hours if requested. Because the area of a residential police box is fairly large, door to door visits are usually undertaken simultaneously with patrols. The wife often helps her husband by, for example, receiving visitors while the husband is out . The duties of officers assigned to patrol cars are more specific, and cover mobile patrols, the arrest of offenders, and rushing to the scene of crimes and accidents, followed by initial action. They perform the ir duties in pairs, with one officer driving the vehicle, while the other keeps an eye out for suspicious persons, and engages in radio communication. Patrols are the most important duty for community police officers in that the visible presence of police officers in their uniforms prevents crimes and gives community residents sense of security. Patrols are in principle to be perfo rmed either on foot or by bicycle, because that way officers can effective ly grasp the situation and assess suspicious persons. Where the area of the police box is large, a small patrol car or motorcycle may be used. While on patrol, officers question suspicious persons and make arrests or give guidance or warnings if there is a crime or an unlawful activity. They also give guidance to traffic law violators and juvenile delinquents, take care of drunken persons

Personal philosophy of leadership

Personal philosophy of leadership Leadership Leadership is the ability of one to guide others; it is based on ones abilities and qualities rather than skills. One is born with these inherent qualities and naturally leads others; these qualities are such as honesty, courage, confidence, determination and wisdom among others. A leader is different from a manager, while a leader is born with the qualities a manger is created from skills he acquires. The leader can become a manger while a manger is not necessarily a leader. The leader is seen as a person in charge they are consulted for they ability to make decisions and guide the course of events. While this may be true the leader is also a servant, a good leaders purpose is to serve those who he has been bestowed upon the responsibility of guiding. This may seem absurd but looking at leadership from a critical point of view one is able to understand the huge responsibility on their shoulders as they are often looked upon. The position of leadership is either bestowed upon them or it comes naturally, when a faced by a certain decision a leader in a group will emerge without being appointed. Leadership is then called upon to be based on ethics. The reason for this is that leadership in todays world is under constant scrutiny, everyone is watching the actions of the leader they make comments and pass judgment. The leadership position is no longer a revered position, it is one thought respected is not exempted from the societys scrutiny. A good leader is one who involves those he leads in the every decision making and activities of this group. The leadership role should also elevate the followers to a higher and better position. Leadership is meant improve the individuals, a leader that leads those he leads into destruction or ruin is not an ethical leader. Ethically there are accepted behavioral aspects that are expected of a leader, the leader is not supposed to abuse the powers bestowed to him. They should not betray the trust and loyalty empowered to them by others, they are supposed to be consistent, should not hoard privileges and more so they should accept responsibility. These are the ethical aspects of leadership expected by the society. Personal Leadership Competence Leadership theories have been in use to help describe leadership. The transformational leadership theory is based upon the ethical approach, where both the leader and followers are engaged in a combined effort to raise each other. Transformational leaders raise the standards by being good examples to their followers. The process or transactional leader whose concern the creation of structures that he expects the followers to adhere to, of they do he rewards them. The transformational leader promotes social values and encourages his followers. Leadership development is not only restricted to mangers and leaders but can be useful to employees who are seeking to further their skills in leadership. In order for one to effectively develop their leadership skills, they need to develop a plan. This is guided by leadership competence skills. The first step to achieving a personal leadership plan is the identification of goals. In order for me to achieve a healthcare leadership competence in the 21st century, the first step is to complete the master program in health informatics. This training is meant to give me skills in the information sector that are necessary in the field of health. The use and application of computers, information technology in the healthcare sector necessitates the learning of health informatics. This will be acquired in the process of training and work experience as a nurse. Then I must access proficiency. The next step in my leadership development plan is the identification of learning experiences. As a nurse i need to develop a learning contract with my immediate supervisor. This step is necessary as it gives me hands on experience and learning opportunities in the work environment. The supervisor is there to give guidance, work experiences and a guide in the learning process in the work place. This interaction also assists one in the acquiring of leadership skills especially when a supervisor assigns one an assignment. In the learning process I should get a mentor in the field of nursing. This mentor is an authority in the area in which I am interested in. the purposes of mentors are to assist the learner in the learning process, they are both friends and leaders to the leaner. A mentor should be able to assist the learner in their quest for knowledge, give those resources, and practical experience as well as the exposure they require. During this learning process, to acquire the necessary leadership skills, as a potential nursing director, I should engage in some cross training program. The purpose of which is to acquire theoretical knowledge in the field of interest. Programs such as these may involve workshops, or seminars organized in the work place. Volunteering for duty is one other sure way of accruing leadership skills. Grabbing the opportunity to fill in the position of a supervisor or staff that is away will expose one to the daily responsibilities. It is during these instances that one is well aware of their qualities as a leader, their shortcomings and strengths because this opportunities offer one the chance to exercise their knowledge. Filling in the position of a senior nurse even for one day is a fulfilling exercise; it even exposes one to the management. An important learning practice is that of joining outside professional organizations. Either as a trainee, a part time worker or a volunteer the purpose again is learning, getting a feel of the leadership skill outside your workplace, gaining insights into how other organizations work. While learning can be obtained within the organizations workshops and training programs, but it is also good to obtain certifications from other institutions of learning in the medical field. Short courses offered add value to an individual as well as training in the relevant field. With todays ever changing market, institutions of higher learning are developing short courses to training professionals. A nurse can find these courses useful if they intend to further their career. These courses are also flexible in terms of time, evening, weekends holidays or even online and correspondence. It is important to try out online self test programs; these are meant to provide an individual with an opportunity to self evaluate themselves. Apart from these online programs ,there are books and tapes available on the self test. Upon completion of the learning experiences it is necessary to have a developmental plan. This plan should detail the duration of time, specific objectives and goals to be achieved. The developmental plan should entail the learning experiences. The mentor, the short courses one intends to attend. Organizations that one is attending should incorporate self test, this show also state the results of the test. The strengths and weaknesses of the individual, s a nurse the developmental plan should have the short and long term goals. The plan of completing health informatics course, the steps intended to achieve skills in order to be a nurse director. Strategic planning should be involved in the developmental planning stage; this involves the vision statement of the person. The vision here is to a nurse director; basically the vision is based on the long term goals. Strategic planning also consists of the mission, a personal mission details the specific objectives and how they plan to achieve them. By completing a course in informatics health and developing plans to achieve leadership training I am well on the way of becoming a nurse director. After planning, it is important to complete the learning experiences. These experiences were set in the time frame of the development plan. As one attains the learning experiences it is important to assess the progress. Assessment can be carried out during the experience or on completion of the experience. Continual assessment is advised since one can put checks in place as they undergo the learning process. Continuous assessment is supposed to assist in making sure that the goals are being fulfilled. It is during this assessment periods that one can incorporate short term goals in the master plan. The short term goals are like check makers in a plan, having achieved a certain short term goal one is then able to move to the next learning activity. Plans also change during these continuous assessments, this is in a case where it is found that the plan was not achieving the long term objective. Apart from continuous assessments one can carry out an assessment at the end of the exercise . This is at the end of the program, this is meant to evaluate the success of the program, and whether on e was able to achieve the goals set out. If this was not done then one goes back to the first step and identify new goals. The assessment should clearly give a guide where a step went wrong. In summary a leader is the decisive factor in the organization and society at large. Leadership should be based on ones abilities and qualities rather than skills. One is born with these inherent qualities and naturally leads others; these qualities are such as honesty, courage, confidence, determination and wisdom among others. A leader should be very different from a manager, while a leader is born with the qualities a manger is created from skills he acquires. The leader can become a manger while a manger is not necessarily a leader. The leader is seen as a person in charge they are consulted for they ability to make decisions and guide the course of events. While this may be true the leader is also a servant, a good leaders purpose is to serve those who he has been bestowed upon the responsibility of guiding. The development of an individual to a leader should be based on self motivation. By attaining leadership skills one should be able to effectively mange and his peers. Person al leadership skills are meant for self improvement, they assist one in the workplace and his career objectives. Work cited Cromwell, S. and Kolb, J, An examination of work-environment support factors affecting transfer of supervisory skills training to the work place. Human Resource Development Quarterly,2004 Vol. 15 No. 4, pp. 449-71. Carter, N. Leadership Development Planning. Retrieved 1st May 2010, http://managementhelp.org/ldr_dev/ldr_dev.htm Baldwin, T. and Ford, K. (1988), Transfer Of Training: A Review And Directions For Future Research.Personnel Psychology, Spring, Vol. 41 Issue 1, p63-105 Brinkmann, T. How to Create a Personal Leadership Development Plan. 2007 Retrieved May 1, 2010, fromhttp://ezinearticles.com/?How- to- Create- a- Personal- Leadership- Development- Planid=803557 Kendra, C.Leadership Theories 8 Major LeadershipTheories retrieved 1st May 2010, http://psychology.about.com/od/leadership/p/leadtheories.htm NSS. Scotland. Delivery Through Leadership: Leadership Development Plan. Scottish Executive, Edinburgh 2005 Stephen, R., Bruce, M. and Terry, W.M., Organizational Behavior. Published by Prentice Hall, 4th ed.

The Theme of Love in Poetry :: Love Poems Poets Poetry Essays

The Theme of Love in Poetry For this essay I am going to read and analyse three poems on the theme of love: "Cousin Kate" by Christina Rossetti, "Goodbye" by Anna Landucci, and "The Library of Love" by John Citizen. The three poems are set in different times and show the difference of attitude of love between time periods. In Victorian time the topic of love was very private and was not shown in public. Today's' society is totally different where people will show their love to one another anywhere and freely talk about it to their friends. Although love in society has changed, love has always been discussed in arts such as literature and poems emphasising how important love is to mankind. "Cousin Kate" by Christina Rossetti. This poem is the oldest of the three being discussed. It was written in 1862. The poem is about a poor cottage maiden who was in love with the local Lord, became pregnant to him but was cast aside when he married her cousin Kate instead. Her love for the Lord was full of joy at first but when he rejected her all sorts of emotions were released. Hurt, anger, jealousy, regret, shame, and finally pride are all expressed in this poem. The whole poem is written as a reflection of the girl's life. Love changed her life completely. As it was written in 1862 it had more of an effect on her life than if the same thing happened today. She would have been sneered upon for having had sex outside marriage and been sure that no other man would marry her. The girl in the poem sees how she was influenced by the Lord's power. She saw him as a very special man as in, "Why did a Great Lord find me out?" The word "great" suggests she saw him as a superior person. If he were a commoner without the Lord's wealth and power I think the circumstances would have been different. As the poem goes on it shows that she had become aware of the fact that the Lord took advantage of her. This can be shown in, ""He lured me to his palace home." The verb "lured" suggests she was led into a trap like an animal and "palace home" indicates the seduction of wealth again. The use of alliteration and repetition in the text, "To lead a shameless, shameful life," emphasises that the Lord gets away with a lot because of his sex, wealth and power. The girl realises her mistakes. She realises that the Lord was just using her and had no permanent relationship on his mind.

Critical Thinking and Some Thoughts: Scenario Cadet Colleges in Bangladesh

â€Å"What is the relation between critical thinking in education and good governance†? The participants of the workshop, just like I, seemed to be a bit puzzled and confused hearing the question from the facilitator, Dr. Alan Klien. I was attending a workshop on Critical Thinking last year in BRAC CDM at Savar. Around 35/40 secondary school teachers from different parts of Bangladesh were attending the workshop. It was quite a lively one and at the same time very interesting. The question of Dr. Klien did put us in a kind of perplexity for some time being. But at the end of the workshop, everybody could understand how important critical thinking is in respect to fulfilling the demand of the day. At the same time there was a bitter realization in me that we are not at all helping our cadets in this regard. Critical Thinking What is critical thinking? There are a variety of answers to that question, but most experts agree that it includes the ability for a person to use his/her intelligence, knowledge and skills to question and carefully explore situations to arrive at thoughtful conclusions based on evidence and reason. A critical thinker is able to get past biases and view situations from different perspectives to ultimately improve his/her understanding of the world. Critical thinking is not necessarily â€Å"critical† and negative. In fact, it would be more appropriate to term it as evaluative thinking instead of good thinking. The result of evaluation can range from positive to negative, from acceptance to rejection or anything in-between. In essence, critical thinking is a disciplined manner of thought that a person uses to assess the validity of something: a statement, news story, argument, research, etc Peter Facione, a Dean at Santa Clara University, has commented nicely about critical thinking and the ideal critical thinker: â€Å"We understand critical thinking to be purposeful, self-regulatory judgment which results in interpretation, analysis, evaluation, and inference, as well as explanation of the evidential, conceptual, methodological or contextual considerations upon which that judgment is based. Since this includes almost all types of logical reasoning,] CT is essential as a tool of inquiry. As such, CT is a liberating force in education and a powerful resource in one's personal and civic life. While not synonymous with good thinking, CT is a pervasive and self-rectifying human phenomenon. The ideal critical thinker is habitually inquisitive, well-informed, trustful of reason, open-minded, flexible, fair-minded in evaluation, honest in facing personal biases, prudent in making judgments, willing to reconsider, clear about issues, orderly in complex matters, diligent in seeking relevant information, reasonable in the selection of criteria, focused in inquiry, and persistent in seeking results which are as precise as the subject and the circumstances of inquiry permit. Thus, educating good critical thinkers means working toward this ideal. It combines developing CT skills with nurturing those dispositions which consistently yield useful insights and which are the basis of a rational and democratic society. † Critical thinking is not a recent idea. In fact, it dates back to the days of Socrates, the great master. Around 2500 years ago, Socrates established the importance of asking deep questions that probe profoundly into thinking before we accept ideas as worthy of belief. He established the importance of seeking evidence, closely examining reasoning and assumptions, analyzing basic concepts, and tracing out implications not only of what is said but of what is done as well. His method of questioning is now known as â€Å"Socratic Questioning† and is the best known critical thinking teaching strategy. Socrates’ practice was followed by the critical thinking of Plato, Aristotle, and many other Greek scholars. In the Renaissance (15th and 16th Centuries), a good number of scholars in Europe began to think critically about religion, art, society, human nature, law, and freedom. Descartes’ Rules for the Direction of the Mind and Sir Thomas Moore’s Utopia, showed that every domain of the present world was subject to critique. In the Italian Renaissance, Machiavelli’s The Prince critically assessed the politics of the day, and laid the foundation for modern critical political thought. Thus critical thinking has always been given importance for intellectual development. Critical Thinking in education Critical thinking is considered important in the academic fields because it nables one to analyze, evaluate, explain, and restructure their thinking, thereby decreasing the risk of adopting, acting on, or thinking with, a false belief. John Dewey, one of the famous educational leaders, recognized that a curriculum aimed at building thinking skills would be a benefit not only to the individual learner, but to the community and to the entire democracy. Dewey emphasized the significance of critical thinking in learning. There are two meanings to t he learning. The first occurs when learners (for the first time) construct in their minds the basic ideas, principles, and theories that are inherent in content. The second occurs when learners effectively use those ideas, principles, and theories as they become relevant in learners' lives. This is a process of application. Good teachers cultivate critical thinking (intellectually engaged thinking) at every stage of learning, including initial learning. The key is that the teacher who fosters critical thinking fosters reflectiveness in students by asking questions that stimulate thinking essential to the construction of knowledge. Critical thinking skills give students the ability to not only understand what they have read or been shown but also to build upon that knowledge without incremental guidance. It is not simply rote memorization or the ability to absorb lessons unquestioningly. When rote memorization takes precedence over problem solving, logic, and reason, students suffer. There was a time when educators believed that content knowledge was enough for students to succeed. For the most part the information that students learned in school was the same information that their parents learned. Today, however, all of that is changing. The increasing power of technology has created a world where information changes quickly, and new ideas can be distributed and adapted almost instantaneously. It has been seen in a survey that what a student learns in the first year of his graduation course, becomes outdated in the third year. That shows how important it is today that students learn critical thinking skills, so they can be both the inventors and the critics of the new information. Teaching students to think critically is incredibly rewarding for the teachers also because what he/she provides to students is the opportunity for them to understand and take charge of their learning and their lives. Helping students develop critical thinking skills will also have an impact on the classroom. Students will approach the material in a more thoughtful and effective manner, they will ask more and better questions and will participate in the learning process. Students will also develop the skills necessary to evaluate the resources that they consult for research purposes. The benefits to students are innumerable. Developing critical thinking can change a student's life. Students will develop higher order thinking abilities necessary for academic and job success. But more importantly, students will expand the perspectives from which they view the world. Critical thinking skills will help them navigate the important decisions in learning and in life. The Critical Thinking Community says, â€Å"Critical thinking is the art of taking charge of your own mind. Its value is simple: if we can take charge of our own minds, we can take charge of our lives. How to integrate Critical thinking in the process of education Once we acknowledge that critical thinking is an important skill, the question comes can we teach it? The answer is, undoubtedly â€Å"yes†. Thinking can be taught and furthermore that it must be taught in a directed manner providing students with practice evaluating ideas. As teachers, we can very well influence whether a student will lea rn critical thinking skills in our classes. Teaching critical thinking is nothing but helping students discover the answers by themselves. Critical thinking can occur whenever one judges, decides, or solves a problem; in general, whenever one must figure out what to believe or what to do, and do so in a reasonable and reflective way. Reading, writing, speaking, and listening can all be done critically or uncritically. It is a way of taking up the problems of life. When anyone improves his/her critical thinking skills, it helps to increase problem solving-skills and deep-thinking elements. All of these skills relate to one part of the brain, and the more one use them the easier it will be to apply them. The list of core critical thinking skills includes observation, interpretation, analysis, inference, evaluation, explanation, and meta-cognition. Irrespective of the context or discipline â€Å"a well-cultivated critical thinker†: †¢raises important questions and problems, formulating them clearly and precisely †¢gathers and assesses relevant information, using abstract ideas to interpret it effectively †¢comes to well-reasoned conclusions and solutions, testing them against relevant criteria and standards †¢thinks open-mindedly within alternative ystems of thought, recognizing and assessing, as need be, their assumptions, implications, and practical consequences †¢communicates effectively with others in figuring out solutions to complex problems, without being unduly influenced by others' thinking on the topic. Critical thinking is an important element of all professional fields and academic disciplines. The concepts and principles of critical thinkin g can be applied to any context or case but only by reflecting upon the nature of that application. Thus there may be critical thinking such as anthropological thinking, sociological thinking, historical thinking, political thinking, psychological thinking, philosophical thinking, mathematical thinking, chemical thinking, biological thinking, ecological thinking, legal thinking, ethical thinking, musical thinking, thinking like a painter, sculptor, engineer, business person, etc. In other words, though critical thinking principles are universal, their application to disciplines can be contextualized. A teacher of any subject who insists on accuracy and a rational control of all processes and methods, and who holds everything open to unlimited verification and revision, is cultivating that method as a habit in the pupils. The art of Socratic questioning is intimately connected with critical thinking because the art of questioning is important to excellence of thought. What the word â€Å"Socratic† adds to the art of questioning is systematic way, depth, and an abiding interest in assessing the truth or plausibility of things. Both critical thinking and Socratic questioning share a common end. Critical thinking provides the conceptual tools for understanding how the mind functions in its pursuit of meaning and truth; Socratic questioning employs those tools in framing questions essential to the pursuit of meaning and truth. The goal of critical thinking is to establish an additional level of thinking to our thinking, a powerful inner voice of reason, that monitors, assesses, and reconstitutes—in a more rational direction—our thinking, feeling, and action. Integrating Socratic questions in the following manner in the classroom help develop active, independent learners. 1) Getting students to clarify their thinking e. g. , ‘Why do you say that? ’, ‘Could you explain further? 2) Challenging students about assumptions e. g. , ‘Is this always the case? ’, ‘Why do you think that this assumption holds here? ’3) Evidence as a basis for argument e. g. , ‘Why do you say that? ’, ‘Is there reason to doubt this evidence? ’4) Alternative viewpoints and perspectives e. . , ‘What is the counter argument for? ’, ‘Can/did anyone see this another way? ’5) Implications and consequences e. g. , ‘But if what happened, what else would result? ’, ‘How does†¦.. affect†¦? ’ 6) Question the question e. g. , ‘Why do you think that I asked that question? ’, ‘Why was that question important? ’, ‘Which of your questions turned out to be the most useful? ’ A set of activities associated with improvement in higher order thinking skills can be emphasized during classroom teaching: analyzing the basic elements of an idea, experience, or theory, such as examining a particular case or situation †¢ working on papers or projects that required integrating ideas or information from various sources †¢ putting together ideas or concepts from different courses when completing assignments or during class discussion †¢ synthesizing and organizing ideas, information, or experiences into new, more complex interpretations and relationships †¢ making judgments about the value of information, arguments or methods, such as examining how others gathered and interpreted data, and assessing the soundness of their conclusions †¢ examining the strengths and weaknesses of one’s own views on a topic or issue Critical Thinking and the education system in Bangladesh Education should enable a human being to attain the greatest possible harmony, internal and external, spiritual and material, for the fullest possible development of human potentialities and capacities. It is generally felt that our educational system has not followed the desired aims as a result that it does not produce ideal citizens in the country. It has followed, rather a narrow aim of preparing individuals for livelihood. If we want our students to effectively deal with the tremendous challenges of the 21 century, we must begin teaching students to discipline their own thinking. Teachers must move beyond rote and merely active engagement, and work toward transforming how students reason through complex issues, to look beyond easy answers. We must teach students that the only way to learn a subject or discipline is to learn to think within the logic of it, to focus on its purposes, questions, information, to think within its concepts and assumptions. We need to make them understand how can we hope to thoughtfully address the economic issues, conflicts, world poverty, and many other pressing concerns that trouble our planet, if we don't think seriously? We can't. To effectively deal with these issues, we must cultivate the spirit of critical thinking throughout human societies. The quality of our life and all of the decisions we make depend on the quality of thought and undoubtedly it can improve the condition of the country, too. For students to learn content, intellectual engagement is crucial. All students must do their own thinking, their own construction of knowledge. Good teachers recognize this and therefore focus on the questions, readings, activities that stimulate the mind to take ownership of key concepts and principles underlying the subject. Teaching critical thinking, especially, in the perspective of our country, can be challenging. Here students have so far, got very little chance to do things by themselves. As a result they have grown a tendency to depend on the teacher and rarely give any time for thinking. They become used to rote memorization. Finally when the students go for higher education or later in job and start facing challenges, they feel helpless. Considering the prevailing examination system, it appears to be very difficult to make students practice on critical thinking, but not impossible at all. We have to grow a habit as well as interest in the students for critical thinking. Otherwise how do educators instill in students a desire to think? For logically if there is no desire to think, it becomes much more challenging to improve the critical thinking in students. Recently creative type question method has been introduced in the country. Trainings are taking place. What I have heard so far is that there is almost no directive in those training sessions to prepare the students for this new system. It seems to be ridiculous. When a new system is introduced, the students must be given clear ideas because they are the guinea pigs in any new system in Bangladesh. They must know how to write these new set of questions properly. But without making the students involved in the thinking process and only training teachers to set up creative type question paper is not enough. We have to prepare our students in such a manner so that they can utilize their thinking power in all levels. Again, already there have been lot many guide books on creative type questions that have been published and not only the students but also the teachers are taking help from them. So what is the result? Though it is creative system, the students are memorizing answers and following the same traditional method. In many developed countries, Critical Thinking is taught as a different course. As it is not possible in our country right now, we can slowly change our teaching style, or better to say, add some components of critical thinking in our teaching. The teachers can infuse some questions with the regular teaching that may help cadets to think critically. Once they become used to it, they will start evaluative thinking and can get deeper into context. Besides, this habit will help him to judge situations and take the right decision without depending on others or acting impulsively. Now the question is, how much important it is in the perspective of cadet colleges and how can it be implemented. In cadet colleges we say that we are creating leaders, that we are producing all rounder. But I think it is high time we need to think about what we actually are doing. It is true that many cadets are showing good performances after passing out from Cadet College. But what is the percentage? Is it satisfactory compared to the past? Challenges have increased in the 21 century. Are we really making our cadets competent enough to face challenges for the 21 century? It is important that we need to prepare our cadets to use logic and thus become good citizens. We need to make the cadets aware of the true aim of education, think independently and get prepared to face the challenges ahead. The true aim of education is not only to pass the exam, rather to make people capable of facing challenges, to cultivate creative intelligence required for adaptation to changes in the social environment i. e. ‘adaptability'. In many countries the teachers are talking about encouraging students for critical thinking. But in our country we are still dependent on lecture method. There is almost no participation of students. I personally believe that there is a strong relation between critical thinking and student centered teaching. Unless you give your students the scope to talk, to xpress their mind and you remain active all the time keeping your students passive, you can never teach them how to think for themselves, let alone think critically. The students will totally depend on the rote memorization and suffer in the long run, blaming the teachers o r the education system later that they were not given any chance to cope up with or face challenging situations. It is true that our education system is also to be blamed for this. But in cadet colleges where we claim to be the makers of leaders, we must bring a change in our approach of teaching that can bring a different dimension and differentiate the cadet colleges from other institutions. If we don’t do this, cadet colleges will remain as simple as educational institutions with some extra and co curricular activities.

Non Perfoming Loans in Commercial Banks in Zimbabwe Is Now a Cause of Concern as It Is Threatening the Survival of Banks Bit by Bit

Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences (JETEMS) 3(6): 882-886  © Scholarlink Research Institute Journals, 2012 (ISSN: 2141-7024 jetems. scholarlinkresearch. org Economics and Management Sciences (JETEMS) 3(6):882-886 (ISSN:2141-7024) Journal of Emerging Trends in Insights on Non-Performing Loans: Evidence from Zimbabwean Commercial Banks in a Dollarised Environment (2009-2012) 1 Laurine Chikoko, 2Tendekayi Mutambanadzo and 3Takaiona Vhimisai 1 Department of Banking and Finance, Midlands State University, P Bag 9055, Senga, Gweru. Department of Banking, National University of Science and Technology P O Box AC939, Ascot Bulawayo. 3 Department of Banking, National University of Science and Technology P O Box AC939, Ascot Bulawayo. Corresponding Author: Laurine Chikoko ___________________________________________________________________________ Abstract This study was prompted by the gradual deterioration in asset quality in most commercial banks in Zimbabwe aft er the adoption of the multiple currency exchange rate regime. The poor asset qualities were reflected by the non-performing loans trending towards the watch list category.In this regard we investigated the commercial bank credit process with the objective of understanding the fundamental causes of the impaired assets that are bedeviling the Zimbabwean banking sector so that some of the mistakes are not repeated and correctional measures are put in place. The methodology adopted a survey research design with use of questionnaires and interviews with commercial banks head credit risk, head retail and head corporate banking division from 15 registered commercial banks in Zimbabwe.Research findings show that some banks were sitting on nonperforming loans due to poor credit analysis processes; wrong products offered to the clients; lending based on balance sheet strength instead of cash flow based lending; banks taking too much comfort in security; information asymmetry leading to moral hazard; economic environment and political influence. Key recommendations include an urgent setting up of the Credit Bureau; banks should not adjust clients request and the need for banks to consider the economic environment and adjust their credit culture.The central bank needs to tighten its supervisory role and ensure prudential guidelines are not violated. _________________________________________________________________________________________ Keywords: credit analysis, loan products, non-performing loans, Zimbabwean commercial banks, dollarised environment. __________________________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION the watch list category. The implication is that Zimbabwe adopted a multiple currency regime in borrowers were struggling to repay loans leading to 2009.A multiple currency system allowed trade to be the problem of banks sitting on non-performing conducted using major trading currencies, for loans. example, the United St ates Dollar (USD), Pound Sterling, South African Rand, and the Botswana Pula. Each non-performing loan in the financial sector is After the adoption of the multiple currency system, viewed as an obverse mirror image of an ailing the banking sector experienced marked unprofitable enterprise.From this point of view, the improvements in the intermediary role which resulted eradication of non-performing loans is a necessary in improved financial support to the key productive condition to improve the economic status of the sectors of the economy (Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe financial institution. Continuously rolling over non(RBZ), 2010). A research conducted by the performing loans locks up resources that could International Monetary Fund in 2010, indicated that otherwise be invested to profitable sectors of the the profitability of banks had improved following a economy.Intuitively this hinders economic growth more favourable economic environment during the and impairs economic efficiency . Consequently this new regime. While officially reported, aggregate study seeks to provide insights on Zimbabwean banking soundness indicators do not raise major red commercial banks non-performing loans. The flags, they mask vulnerabilities specific to a fully ultimate objective is to draw lessons from dollarised banking system experiencing rapid credit commercial banks lending in Zimbabwe during the growth, as well as a significant variation in prudential multiple currency regime.The paper is organised as indicators across individual banks. The Reserve Bank follows. In the second section, we present brief of Zimbabwe (2012) also noted that there has been review of literature. In the third section we present gradual deterioration in asset quality as reflected by the research methodology; in the fourth section a the level of non-performing loans trending towards 882 Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences (JETEMS) 3(6):882-886 (ISSN:2141-7024) discussion of the findings.Finally we present conclusions and recommendations. LITERATURE REVIEW A non-performing loan is an advance by a financial institution that is not earning income and full payment of principal. As such interest is no longer anticipated (Van Greuning, & Bratavonic, 2003). There is no global standard to define non-performing loans at the practical level. Variations exist in terms of the classification system, the scope, and contents. This pitfall potentially adds to disorder and uncertainty in the non-performing loans subject.For instance, as described by Park (2003), during the 1990s, there were three different methods of defining non-performing loans: the 1993 method based on banking laws; the â€Å"Bank’s Self-Valuation† in March 1996; and the â€Å"Financial Revival Laws-Based Debt Disclosure† in 1999. These measurements have gradually broadened the scope and scale of the riskmanagement method in the banking industry. The literature that examines non -performing loans has increased as more researchers attempt to understand the major factors that cause financial instability.This trend has arisen due to the role played by impaired assets in financial instability as evidenced by the strong association between nonperforming loans and banking crises. In most of the economies that collapsed, credit risk preceded financial crises. Khemraj (2005) revealed that the banking crises in East Asia and Sub-Saharan African countries were preceded by high non-performing loans. This stimulated research in trying to establish the causes of non-performing loans in banks.Caprio (1998) had earlier presented stylised evidence and found that inadequate regulation and lack of supervision at the time of the liberalisation could play a key role in explaining why deregulation and banking crises were so closely entwined. The analysis of Kaminsky and Reinhart (1999) provides interesting insights on the links between financial crises with financial liberalisa tion. The study found that the proxy variable for financial liberalisation which was the growth in domestic credit as a ratio of output, accelerated greatly as the crises emerged.Earliest studies to examine the causes of loan losses were by Keeton and Morris (1987). The study showed that local economic conditions along with the poor performance of certain sectors explain the variation in loan losses recorded by the banks. The study also reports that commercial banks with greater risk appetite tend to record higher losses. Garey (1991), also concur with the early studies of Keeton and Morris. Garey (1991) found that loan lossexperience of large commercial banks in the US was influenced by both internal and external factors.This study found a significant positive relationship between the loan-loss rate and internal factors such as 883 high interest rates, excessive lending, and volatile funds. Non-performing loans were influenced by gross domestic product growth, high real interest ra tes, lenient credit terms and excessive lending by commercial banks (Goacher, 2002; Howells and Bain, 2002; Heffernan, 2005; Freixas, 2007 and Machiranju 2008). Despite the abundant literature on non-performing loans, to the researchers’ knowledge, no study has been done on causes of non-performing loans on Zimbabwean commercial banks after dollarisation in 2009.METHODOLOGY A survey research design was used in this study. The survey allowed the collection of large amount of data in an economical way (Saunders et al, 2003). Data obtained through use of questionnaires was standard which allowed easy comparison. The limitation to the survey strategy was the fact that data collected may not be as wide-ranging as those collected by other research strategies. There is a limit as to the number of questions that any questionnaire can contain if the goodwill of the respondent is not to be presumed on too much. To mitigate this weakness, personal interviews were used in the survey stra tegy.Data was collected from 15 registered commercial banks in Zimbabwe. The key informants were departmental heads of credit risk, retail and corporate banking divisions. In addition account relationship managers were randomly selected in the survey. The study was carried out in Harare mainly because that is where all commercial banks are headquartered. Data from the survey was analysed using STATA version 11. Tabulations were used to show percentages and frequencies of respondents in each response category, with cross-tabulation tables showing percentages and frequencies between two given categories.Crosstabulations were computed together with correlation test between two variables by using Pearson chisquare. LIMITATION OF THE STUDY The issue of non-performing loans is a sensitive and confidential issue since it has a bearing on bank performance and reputation. To this end, we had challenges in getting a detailed account from some of the respondents. However, to overcome this we h ad to interview many respondents from the same institution in order to fill in the missing details. EMPIRICAL FINDINGS On average the banks were in business for thirty seven years but varied from five up to one hundred and eighteen years.Table 1 summarises the ages of the fifteen commercial banks. Table 1: Tabulated Zimbabwe Commercial Banks Years in Business Variable Years in business Observation 15 Mean 37. 5333 Std Dev 40. 2347 Min 5 Max 118 Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences (JETEMS) 3(6):882-886 (ISSN:2141-7024) From the survey, age had nothing to do with the problem of non-performing loans as reflected by a? statistic of 5. 86 (P=0. 210). Of the banks surveyed, 20% were internationally owned banks and 80% were locally owned banks.It was evident from the survey that locally owned banks had the problems of non-performing loans while internationally owned banks did not have problems of non-performing loans. This was shown by the observed differences i n ownership and non-performing loans which were statistically significant as shown by the of 17. 26 (P

Customer and Extended Marketing Mix Essay Example

Customer and Extended Marketing Mix Essay Example Customer and Extended Marketing Mix Essay Customer and Extended Marketing Mix Essay Essay Topic: Extended Process is another component of the extended marketing mix. It is basically associated with the customer service; how does the business, in this case the restaurant, deal with the customer from the first point to the last one. Marketing nowadays has become much more complicated and having a product and a place without having a successful process will not help in developing a relationship with the customer. Therefore the interaction with the customers is crucial, since a decision made by customers always decides their choice in the next time. It requires a proper encounter, good communication, the right action and a suitable resolution. Furthermore, the aim of the restaurant is to build a long-term relationship with its customer and to support them on a continuing basis. Process mainly covers some steps such as procedures, controls, accessibility, information flows, payments, bookings and speed and timing of delivery. Procedures, from the entrance in the restaurant, have to be followed effectively in order to achieve customer satisfaction. In Nandos, there is a welcoming host who accommodates customers on to a table and provides the menus. The second step is for the customer to go to the counter, make the order by giving the table number and paying the amount required. After this, the customer is supposed to collect the cutlery and any sauces or dressings. After the order is brought to the table and the food is consumed, the customer can order additional items such as deserts, without having to go to the counter again. This is the stage where self-service and the traditional one are blended. In terms of controls and accessibility, Nandos provides its customers with a website and a telephone system which supports the customers effectively, moreover if any complaints or complements, they can be send to their site. Bookings can be made through the phone if a big table is required or at busy times, in our case, weekend at lunch times. A distinctive fact from most of other restaurants is that the food takes very little time to be served since the chicken is half cooked, stored in some special ovens they use to keep it warm and placed straightforwardly on the grill. Evidently, the busier the place the longer the food will take, however not more than 25 minutes. The main focus on the restaurant is what and how to benefit a customer, which has a direct effect on the customers’ evaluation of enjoying and determining whether they will come back or not. Consequently, if the process sector is carried out effectively, the customer will patronize again. (don’t do delivery but take away†¦relevant in the process part )

Essay on Marriage and Janie

Essay on Marriage and Janie Essay on Marriage and Janie I. One recurrent symbol throughout the first half of the novel is that of the mule. The use of the mule imagery indicates the way in which African American females have been mistreated and dehumanized by the society. a. Also, the mule symbolizes the relationship between â€Å"the white man and the black man† and â€Å"the black man and the black woman.† This can be seen clearly through Nanny’s view of the situation when she says, â€Å"So de white man throw down de load and tell de nigger man tuh pick it up. He pick it up because he have to, but he don’t tote it. He hand it to his women folks. De nigger woman is de mule oh de world as fur as Ah can see† (Hurston 14). II. Another important symbol is that of the pear tree. a. The pear tree presents the ideal relationship between women and men. The key to the novel is Janie's idea of marriage, which is pitted against other, less romantic, ideas of marriage in the book. b. Janie gets her definition of marriage from nature. When she is sixteen, her sexuality awakens as she watches â€Å"the mystery† of a blossoming pear tree in her back yard c. Through Janie’s vision, the pear tree presents the ideal relationship, both sexual and emotional, between women and men. i. The male bee is not aggressive or rapacious: he gently â€Å"sinks† into the blossom, and the female flower is not passive: she â€Å"arches to meet the love embrace.† It is the marriage of such active femaleness and gentle masculinity, it is fundamental equality, that results in fruit. (2) ii. â€Å"Logan Killicks was desecrating the pear tree†. Though Janie was sexually desired during her first marriage, she was not treated with respect and dignity iii. Janie’s second husband, Jody Starks, also falls short of the fetishized pear tree. Jody is controlling of Janie as a result of his jealousy because of her good looks. He does not offer Janie any freedom to experience life. It is not until her final marriage that the dream of the tree is realized d. This is Janie’s idealized view of nature. It is beauty and pleasure that she keeps chasing after throughout the rest of the story. i. The pear tree and the horizon represent Janie's idealized views of nature. The horizon represents the far-off mystery of the natural world, with which she longs to connect. ii. Janie's hauling in of her horizon â€Å"like a great fish-net† at the end of the novel indicates that she has achieved the harmony with nature that she has sought since the moment under the pear tree. e. The hurricane, another important symbol, symbolizes the destructive fury of nature to free the black women from a threatening heterosexual relationship and purify and reject those characters who have betrayed the democratic and culturally autonomous values of black life on the muck. i. The hurricane functions as a destroyer of white power and as an eraser of artificial distinctions and hierarchies. f. In addition to the pear tree image of femininity, the mule symbol also represents womanhood. i. This is very clearly introduced when Janie’s grandmother explains that black women are mules. ii. The symbol is used as a metaphor during Janie’s second marriage to Jody Starks when Eatonville resident Matt Bonner is teased by the other residents because he is unable to control his mule. The mule is pushed around and prodded by the townspeople. Here the mule represents Janie’s own gender entrapment (103). iii. The mule is not mentioned again in

The History and Importance of the Vacuum Tube

The History and Importance of the Vacuum Tube A vacuum tube, also called an electron tube, is a sealed-glass or metal-ceramic enclosure used in electronic circuitry to control the flow of electrons between the metal electrodes sealed inside the tubes. The air inside the tubes is removed by a vacuum. Vacuum tubes are used for amplification of a weak current, rectification of an alternating current to direct current (AC to DC), generation of oscillating radio-frequency (RF) power for radio and radar, and more. According to PV Scientific Instruments, The earliest forms of such tubes appeared in the late 17th century. However, it was not until the 1850s that sufficient technology existed to produce sophisticated versions of such tubes. This technology included efficient vacuum pumps, advanced glassblowing techniques, and the Ruhmkorff induction coil. Vacuum tubes were used widely in electronics in the early twentieth century, and the cathode-ray tube remained in use for televisions and video monitors before being supplanted by plasma, LCD, and other technologies. Timeline In 1875, American, G.R. Carey invented the phototube.In 1878, Englishman Sir William Crookes invented the Crookes tube, an early prototype of the cathode-ray tube.In 1895, German, Wilhelm Roentgen invented an early prototype Xray tube.In 1897, German, Karl Ferdinand Braun invents the cathode ray tube oscilloscope.In 1904, John Ambrose Fleming invented the first practical electron tube called the Fleming Valve. Leming invents the vacuum tube diode.In 1906, Lee de Forest invented the Audion later called the triode, an improvement on the Fleming Valve tube.In 1913, William D. Coolidge invented the Coolidge Tube, the first practical Xray tube.In 1920, RCA began the first commercial electron tube manufacturing.In 1921, American Albert Hull invented the magnetron electronic vacuum tube.In 1922, Philo T. Farnsworth develops the first tube scanning system for television.In 1923, Vladimir K Zworykin invented the iconoscope or the cathode-ray tube and the kinescope.In 1926, Hull and Williams c o-invented the tetrode electronic vacuum tube. In 1938, Americans Russell and Sigurd Varian co-invented the klystron tube.

Research critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Research critique - Essay Example For purposes of this analysis, the following article, â€Å"Why do students fail to disclose health problems?† will be analyzed. As a means of doing this, the basic premises of the research will be reviewed, weighed, analyzed, and a level of inference drawn. Moreover, the author will seek to lay out the basic statements and findings and analyze them in such a way as to seek to agree or disagree with the findings that have been presented. To the piece’s credit, the title directly expresses to the reader the type of study which will therein be undertaken. Such a point may seem superficial; however, the fact of the matter is that a large number of studies will delve directly into the subject matter without taking the time to ensure that the potential reader has a firm explanation of the topic in a way that even a laymen would understand (Skinner 2011, p. 4). As such, the piece in question clearly and succinctly lays out the topic before moving on to describing the research which will be performed, measured, and interpreted. Likewise, the reader is introduced to the rational for performing such a study within the opening lines as well as within the abstract to the piece itself. This rational is based upon the fact that the given level of dishonesty is hurting the academic process itself and should sought to be understood as a means to better hone the process as well as determine to the extent that the dishonesty is currently taking place. In much the same way, the article begins by utilizing a well written abstract which details the way in which the measurements and the study will proceed (Ryan 2007, p. 740). This is of course done as a way to further provide the reader with a level of detail of specificity as well as clear aim with regards to the means whereby the study will be carried out, measured, and inferred upon (Marshal 2005, p. 56). Though this analysis of the piece will find fault with certain aspects of the study, the fact remains that with regards to the specificity of the abstract and/or the title, both have been done in a way that necessarily helps the reader/potential reader to understand the full scope of the work that is about to be engaged upon. In much the same way, the authors themselves are credible as they are professionals within the field and have provided a level of scholarship on other related topics in the past. This prior scholarship and publication helps to give the authors a degree of credibility when attempting to understand, analyze, and dissect the given piece in question. With respect to the methodology for the study that was presented within the case in question, it was both qualitative and quantitative. Due to the fact that respondents were tabulated and outcomes were drawn from this tabulation, the research took on a decidedly quantitative approach; however, at the same time, levels of expression were gleaned from the individual interviews which were also reported within the research. The com bination of both forms of data helps to make the research more thoroughly grounded rather than simply exclusively reliant on one form or the other. With respect to the quantitative and qualitative data itself, the following brief paragraph will discuss the means by which

Organizational behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Organizational behavior - Essay Example This gives the individual participators a sense of personal achievement (Heller, 1999). In addition, competent persons who can perform irrespective of absence of effective leadership can reach higher heights if there is effective leadership to guide and motivate them. Bright ideas, best interest, and sound business knowledge are key ingredients to a successful business, but these are not enough. Effective leadership is required to bring people together with an aim to achieve common goals of the organization (Yourarticlelibrary.com, 2014). Effective leadership is inevitable for making things happen in the consistently changing market dynamics. An organization must invest in effective leadership in order to remain relevant in a business environment with ever changing competition, profile of people joining the organization, legal, political, and social-cultural environment (Stanfielf, 2009). In addition, organizations face challenges that are specific to them. Strategies need to be developed to deal with these challenges. Effective leadership is fundamental in the formulation of appropriate strategies and implementation of these strategies to propel organizations in the right direction. If there are two teams of equal competence, but one team lacks effective leadership, the team with effective leadership will certainly win over the team that lacks effective leadership (Adair, 1983).Effective leadership at all levels of an organization increases the chances of survival of an organization. It also enables to sustain the g rowth of the organization and realization of organization’s full capacity (Fenimore and Nirenberg, 2004) Effective leadership is characterized with empowerment of employees through inclusion in decision-making, enhanced communication and consideration of individual needs and rights of the employees. The subsequent effect of effective leadership is enhanced employees commitment to the

Smart city and IT enablement Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Smart city and IT enablement - Research Paper Example A smart city generally, strives towards making itself smarter in terms of efficiency, sustainability, ensuring equity and enhancing livability. Smart cities rely, among others, on the compilation of brilliant computing technologies that are applied on the significant infrastructure elements and services. Smart computing is all about a new generation of amalgamated hardware, software combined with network technologies that offer IT systems with the real time consciousness of the real world and complex analytics that assist citizens in making smart decisions, which would help them optimize their business processes (Chourabi, 2012). A development approach that is directed to a smart city includes concerns such as flexibility, awareness, synergy, transformability, a strategic conduct, some sense of individuality and a self decisiveness. A smart city denotes an interconnected, intelligent and an instrumented city. Instrumentation enhances the capturing and integration of live real world i nformation through the use of personal devices, sensors, appliances, smart phones, the internet and other comparable data acquirement systems which include the social networks (Chourabi, 2012). ... This projects and initiatives are meant to serve the citizens at large and also improve their lives. These initiatives engage multiple of stakeholders, leading to most cities developing a need to have better governance, to be able to manage the above projects and initiatives (Chourabi, 2012). Governance involves the execution of processes with components that are responsible for exchanging of information in regard to the set rules and standards in order to ensure attainment of the goals and objectives. A lot of cities have been in a position to garner the advantages of technology emergence, which has seen the improvement of their form of governance. Governance that is technology based is termed as smart governance. It is thus, a representation of a broad collection of technologies practices, policies, the social norms and all the other information that interrelate to maintain the activities of city governing. Smart governance is said to be the core of the smart cities initiative, thu s representing a vital challenge for a smart city initiative (Chourabi, 2012). How Technology Influences Efficiency in a Smart City Technology is said to be one of the key drivers of the initiative that pertains to the smart cities. The amalgamation of Technology with expansion projects altogether bring change to the urban setting of a city and thereafter, provide a range of potential opportunities that can contribute in the enhancement of management and functionality of a given smart city. The infrastructure that entails a smart city is often linked through the help of ICT that enhances a more efficient control. On the other hand, this kind of interdependence augments the rate of security risks. The

ARIMA modeling Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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What do we call them Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What do we call them - Essay Example So, this paper will evaluate Andrew Bacevichs book, The New American Militarism focusing on his thesis that U.S. is becoming a kind of ‘military crusader’, who are militarily involving themselves in theatres of war, without utilizing the diplomatic and peace options. In the beginning of the book itself, Andrew Bacevich states that the Americans have become enthralled and captivated by its military power and so have formed notions of world domination. So, this book actually examines the origins and importantly the unwanted repercussions of these misguided notions. That is, American militarism originated as a form of reaction to the Vietnam War, with the antics of Saddam Hussein and importantly the September 11 bombing of Twin Towers, only adding ‘fuel to the fire’. He further asserts that the Government leaders and officials have overrated the effectiveness of military force in foreign affairs, and so avoided the role of diplomacy, to achieve its foreign policy aims. Importantly, the romanticized images of war happenings, which are being featured in Films (action movies), TV channels, etc, have also ‘tuned’ many people in accepting the effectiveness of military power. So, the basic point that is being put forward in the book is, American citizens including the conservatives and liberals should strongly oppose mixing militarism with utopian ideology, which could have dangerous repercussions for both the American people and also the people of other countries. This can be explained by the happenings in the Iraq War. Under the pretext of finding the non-existent nuclear weapons, USA launched a series of violent attacks on the country, killing thousand of innocent people. . â€Å"We will wreak havoc abroad. We will endanger our security at home. We will risk the forfeiture of all that we prize."(Bacevich). Even though, it toppled, the most autocratic government headed by Saddam Hussein, USA’s violent acts inside Iraq, caused loss of

Industry analysis of UK beer industry Dissertation

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What do we call them Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What do we call them - Essay Example So, this paper will evaluate Andrew Bacevichs book, The New American Militarism focusing on his thesis that U.S. is becoming a kind of ‘military crusader’, who are militarily involving themselves in theatres of war, without utilizing the diplomatic and peace options. In the beginning of the book itself, Andrew Bacevich states that the Americans have become enthralled and captivated by its military power and so have formed notions of world domination. So, this book actually examines the origins and importantly the unwanted repercussions of these misguided notions. That is, American militarism originated as a form of reaction to the Vietnam War, with the antics of Saddam Hussein and importantly the September 11 bombing of Twin Towers, only adding ‘fuel to the fire’. He further asserts that the Government leaders and officials have overrated the effectiveness of military force in foreign affairs, and so avoided the role of diplomacy, to achieve its foreign policy aims. Importantly, the romanticized images of war happenings, which are being featured in Films (action movies), TV channels, etc, have also ‘tuned’ many people in accepting the effectiveness of military power. So, the basic point that is being put forward in the book is, American citizens including the conservatives and liberals should strongly oppose mixing militarism with utopian ideology, which could have dangerous repercussions for both the American people and also the people of other countries. This can be explained by the happenings in the Iraq War. Under the pretext of finding the non-existent nuclear weapons, USA launched a series of violent attacks on the country, killing thousand of innocent people. . â€Å"We will wreak havoc abroad. We will endanger our security at home. We will risk the forfeiture of all that we prize."(Bacevich). Even though, it toppled, the most autocratic government headed by Saddam Hussein, USA’s violent acts inside Iraq, caused loss of

Peak moment anaysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Peak moment anaysis - Essay Example The core value of the real life is to help the community. According to Loehr, (2015), values are important not only for work but also they reflect on a daily, at work or at home who we are (para 5). This whole approach to values as a person helps us become a better leader in all aspects of life not only in our careers. As a leader values will give you a sense of life and lead a purposeful life. As a person, I have to make a decision to live a life with purpose. This decision will significantly affect my job and future life. It is easier to find my values when I have stronger root of core values. Values are connected both personal and social. To fulfill one, the other is also fulfilled. The knowledge of values contributes to individual development, a sense of commitment, a better moral character and how to respond to the aspects of life. Personal and social values make one to have self-knowledge and be able to understand the needs, rights, feeling, and experiences of others and relate them to the current environment (Gulla, p.265). My values shall be personal so that I do not replicate them for others. Sometimes people tend to look at others and copy what they do because they think the reason they are succeeding is through the values they have (RÃ ¸nnow-Rasmussen, p.2). Four years ago, I left to LA to reflect and find my core values. As an international student who takes ESL, most of my time was consumed at the airport because of my improper English. Additionally, I had to waste three more hours to catch a taxi. I admit that it was because of not only poor English but also the fear that I felt when I was trying to speak it. Finally, I found a taxi that would take me to my hotel. It was such an exhausting ride since this taxi had to stop at more than ten hotels to drop other customers. However, when I reached the hotel that I reserved, I saw my future. Although it was around 11 PM at that time, the view

The Future Or Moores Law Philosophy Essay

The Future Or Moores Law Philosophy Essay Moores law is named after Gordon E. Moore, the co-founder and Chairman Emeritus of Intel Corporation. He first published what later became known as Moores Law in a 1965 Electronics Magazine article called Cramming more components onto integrated circuits. The Law states that computer manufactures will increase the number of transistors to be placed on an integrated circuit, exponentially by a factor of 2, in every 18 to 24 months. The steady growth of the Law, has held true for decades, and while scientists have had to resort to ever more creative methods to keep it going, Intel has proven that such exponential growth will last for at least for a few more years. It seems that, while Gordon Moore was arguably the first to note the exponential growth in computing power, this exponential trend has been a part of technological progress for much longer than was originally thought. According to futurist Kurzweil, Moores law of Integrated Circuits was not the first, but the fifth paradigm to forecast accelerating price-performance ratios. Computing devices have been consistently multiplying in power (per unit of time) from the mechanical calculating devices used in the 1890 U.S. Census, to [Newmans] relay-based [Heath] Robinson machine that cracked the Nazi [Lorenz cipher], to the CBS vacuum tube computer that predicted the election of Eisenhower, to the transistor-based machines used in the first space launches, to the integrated-circuit-based personal computer. This is illustrated in the chart below. What is technology singularity? This idea was first proposed by the mathematician Vernor Vinge who defined Technological Singularity as a time at which the rate of accelerating change increases to a point where it becomes human surpassing.   He said computers within a decade of our current era will be more powerful than the human brain. The machines will rapidly become much smarter than the humans who initially created them. This will cause a convergence of all technologies, until humans became totally embedded and submerged into a virtual world. This singularity is a state in which humans will be components of a cybernetic social network of such complexity that no one person will be able to understand more than a tiny fraction of the whole. As much as Singularitarians rely upon Moores Law to fuel our visions of the future, its not some inescapable truth of the universe. Producing ever smaller transistors is a job for thousands of engineers around the world, spending billions of dollars in research. Each step towards increasing computer processor performance per dollar requires innovation, and those innovations take time and effort to perfect. TriGate is a great example millions of dollars and a decade of preparation for its eventual launch. If you were to chart the evolution of the computer in terms of processing power, you would see that progress has been exponential and Moores Law seems to be self- fulfilling prophecy than a mere law or observation. But will technology singularity sustain of completely wipe off Moores Law? According to Moores Law, the progress of computational power on computers seems to have an exponential growth; whilst the futurist claim that technology singularity will accelerate at rate that no human brain can comprehend, as computers will achieve human-level intelligence and will be an infusion of different technologies embedded together and the growth will not be exponential. Moores Law may continue indefinitely, but it will rely upon the creativity and resilience of many developers at the top of their game. Can they keep it up? Can we keep pushing computers to become faster, better, and more efficient so they double in performance every two years? But on the contrary to support Moores Law, Intel, commercialized the worlds first 3D transistor, known as TriGate. The 22nm transistor performs better and uses less energy than the current cutting edge 32nm transistor. Computers can already perform individual operations orders of magnitude faster than humans can, Farmer said; meanwhile, the human brain remains far superior at parallel processing, or performing multiple operations at once. For most of the past half-century, engineers made computers faster by increasing the number of transistors in their processors, but they only recently began parallelizing computer processors. To work around the fact that individual processors cant be packed with extra transistors, engineers have begun upping computing power by building multi-core processors, or systems of chips that perform calculations in parallel.This controls the heat problem, because you can slow down the clock, Denning explained. Imagine that every time the processors clock ticks, the transistors fire. So instead of trying to speed up the clock to run all these transistors at faster rates, you can keep the clock slow and have parallel activity on all the chips. He says Moores law will probably continue because the number of cores in computer processors will go on doubling every two years. According to a research team at the Georgia Institute of Technologys Microsystems Packaging Research Center, they demonstrated a new technology called system-on-package (SOP). It addresses the other90 percent of the electronic system and paves the way for mega-function systems.In contrast to Moores Law, which addresses 10 percent of system integration at the IC- or device-level only -called the First Law SOP addresses the system integration problem, leading to the Second Law of Electronics. SOP combines nanoscale ICs with newly developed micro- to nanoscale, thin-film versions of discrete and other components. It embeds both of these components in a new type of package so small that it eventually will transform handhelds into multi- or mega-function systems. SOP technology represents a radically different approach to electronic and bio-electronic systems. It shrinks bulky circuit boards with their many components and makes them nearly disappear, leading to package-sized systems hen ce the name system-on-package. In effect, SOP sets up a new law for system integration. It holds that as the components shrink from milli- to micro- to nanoscale, component density will double every few years, leading to an exponential increase in the number of system functions packaged in a device the size of todays cell phones. Whether we attain the levels and surpass singularity still remains a fierce subject of speculation among the scientist and futurists. Below are excerpts of opponents of singularity, who forecast the phasing out of Moores Law. According to Peter Denning, distinguished professor of computer science at the Naval Postgraduate School and an expert on innovation, he says that By 2030 whatever technology were using will be sufficiently small that we can fit all the computing power thats in a human brain into a physical volume the size of a brain, after all this has been said, there will be the evolution of a super intelligent machine that will surpass human understanding. The British mathematician I.J. Good hypothesized that ultra intelligent machines, once created, could design even better machines. There would then unquestionably be an intelligence explosion, and the intelligence of man would be left far behind. Thus the first ultra intelligent machine is the last invention that man need ever make, Others argue that Moores law will soon start to break down, or that it has already. The argument stems from the fact that engineers cant miniaturize transistors much more than they already have, because theyre already pushing atomic limits. When there are only a few atoms in a transistor, you can no longer guarantee that a few atoms behave as theyre supposed to, Denning explained. On the atomic scale, bizarre quantum effects set in. Transistors no longer maintain a single state represented by a 1 or a 0, but instead vacillate unpredictably between the two states, rendering circuits and data storage unreliable. The other limiting factor, Denning says, is that transistors give off heat when they switch between states, and when too many transistors, regardless of their size, are crammed together onto a single silicon chip, the heat they collectively emit melts the chip. Some scientists say computing power is approaching its zenith. Already we see a slowing down of Moores law, the theoretical physicist Michio Kaku said in a Big Think lecture. He says that Computer power simply cannot maintain its rapid exponential rise using standard silicon technology.   He claims that Intel Corporation has admitted this company is now going to three-dimensional chips, chips that compute not just flatly in two dimensions but in the third dimension.   The problem is that a Pentium chip today has a layer almost down to 20 atoms across, 20 atoms across.   When that layer gets down to about 5 atoms across, its all over.   You have two basic problems are heat (the heat generated will be so intense that the chip will melt and disintegrate) and leakage.  (You dont know where the electron is anymore.) Thats the reason why the age of silicon will eventually come to a close. The quantum theory takes over. Kurzweil (1999; 2001) has proposed that technical progress can be characterized as accelerating exponential development. According to Kurzweils law of accelerating returns, technical change is generated in an evolutionary process where the outputs of the process are used as inputs in the next phase of the development. This leads to exponential growth. Kurzweil maintains that the rate of exponential growth itself increases. When a particular evolutionary process becomes more effective than its alternatives, greater resources are deployed for the further progress of the effective process. As a result, the rate of exponential growth itself grows exponentially. Evolution, and technology-evolution continued by other means-therefore is a process that leads to accelerating change. Using his observations as a basis, Kurzweil argues that technical development will rapidly lead to computational devices that are more intelligent than humans. The increasing capabilities of computers will further accelerate the speed of technological progress and, at least from our limited perspective, lead to an apparently infinite speed of change. Kurzweil calls this approaching point of extremely rapid change Singularity. Kurzweils hypothesis of approaching Singularity therefore consists of four major claims. One is the empirical claim that technical developments in computing show exponential growth and that the growth speed has increased over time. Another claim is that this process is generated by a law of accelerated returns which feeds back resources to those areas of technology development that grow rapidly. The third claim is that technology creation can be understood as an evolutionary process. The fourth claim is that the speed of change will soon reach levels where the human intelligence, at least in its current forms, perceive infinite pace of change and that this will lead to major changes in the society and in individual lives.

Ho Chi Minh Essay -- Biography

Ho Chi Minh meaning ‘enlightened one’ was born in Vietnam in the year 1890, to a teacher [Nguyen Sinh Huy] who was employed by the French. Nguyen had a reputation of being very bright and intelligent but he lost his job due his unwillingness to learn the French language, he was a strong nationalist. He taught his children to resist the ruling of the French; they all grew up to become strong nationalists who were willing and ready to fight for the independence of their country, Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh’s sister helped in stealing weapons when she was employed by the French government and sentenced to life imprisonment. Ho Chi Minh was sent to a French school by his father so as to prepare him for the struggle that was about to come against the rule of the French in their country Vietnam. After finishing his studies, he became a school teacher, then a sailor which really enabled him to travel to many countries in the world. By the travelling he made throughout the world , he was able to travel through other colonies of the Roman Empire and found out that the Vietnam’s were not the only ones who were suffering from their exploitation (Brocheux, 2007). Finally in the year 1917 Ho settled in Paris, reading books by different authors [Karl Marx] which were talking about communism eventually being turned into a communist himself. When the French Communist party was formed he became one of the founding members in the year 1920. He planned to take the teachings about communism that he had acquired so as to unite them and teach to the people of Vietnam, and also lead them to their own revolution from the French Empire (Shmoop, 2010). As Ho Chi Minh was preparing for the independence movement in his country Vietnam in the year 1941, it a... ...iation attempts were going on between Ho and Johnson but Hon Chi Minh stood his ground on his main determination of independence of the Vietnamese people under a Communist nation (Brocheux, 2007). Ho Chi Minh was a great nationalist to his country Vietnam. He was ready to go through any strategy so as to liberate his country under a Communist government. He went through much disappointments but the determination never left him. Ho Chi Minh died in the year 1969. References Zhai, Q. (2000). China and the Vietnam wars, 1950-1975. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. Shmoop University Inc. (2010). The Vietnam War. Sunnyvale, Calif.: Shmoop University Inc. Johnson, K. F. (2012). Ho Chi Minh: North Vietnamese president. Edina, Minn: ABDO Pub. Brocheux, P., & Duiker, C. (2007). Ho Chi Minh: A biography. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.

Willa Cathers Death Comes for the Archbishop :: Willa Cather Death Comes for the Archbishop

Willa Cather's Death Comes for the Archbishop - A Powerful Non-Novel Responding to the criticism that Death Comes for the Archbishop is not a novel, Willa Cather proposed that the work was a narrative. Her choice of the word narrative signifies that the structure of Death Comes for the Archbishop is closer to that of a biography. A narrative is a type of composition used to recount events over a period of time and can incorporate description as well plot, but it does not necessarily have to. Death Comes for the Archbishop follows the guidelines of a narrative in that it recounts the events of Father Latour's life, beginning when he is appointed to New Mexico and ending with his death. Cather incorporates description into her narration, but does not offer dramatic plot structure. A novel utilizes the elements of narration, specifically including description and plot. Novels also incorporate a climax to the story along with denouement. Plot is unfolded by the actions, speech and thoughts of a character. It is these actions that lead to the climax and the resolution of the story. Based upon the guidelines used to classify a novel, Death Comes for the Archbishop does not meet the requirements and is therefore not a novel. Her work tells a story, but does not offer plot, climax or resolution. The events that are recounted in Cather's work do not build upon each other in order to offer a climax. Each event is no more significant than the one before it; for example, Cather places just as much emphasis on Latour's relationship with Olivares as he does with helping Sade pray (p 175, 213). While the events themselves do not add up to create the dramatic plot structure necessary to call Death Comes for the Archbishop a novel, each individual event experienced by Latour, is in itself a story that includes both climax and resolution. An example of this is Father Latour's death. It begins with him getting sick and living his last days, building up to his final moments and culminating in his death. The resolution to this individual event is the bell tolling and Latour being placed in the church he built. Each event in Latour's life does have plot and resolution, creating difficulty in not calling it a novel. However, if the work is examined as a whole piece, from beginning to end, it is evident that while it fits the boundaries of narration, it does not meet the qualifications of a novel.

Neighbor’s Apartment

I didn’t have any second thoughts when my neighbor in the apartment invited me to come along and spend the night with his party celebration. It is at least two years now since the last time I joined one when my friend had a farewell party who was to leave out of the country. For such reason, being invited by my neighbor was a good chance for me to experience once again what it is like to get acquainted with people and celebrate a particular special moment in the celebrant’s life. My neighbor’s party was all about his successful promotion at work. He was once a sales agent for realty properties in a medium scale company in the city. He has worked for the company for about 10 years as a sales agent and was really very satisfied with his work and the amount of money he has been getting. Suddenly, he was promoted by the general manager as the new site supervisor. To celebrate such achievement, he threw a party in his apartment one night. Since we’ve known each other for about five years now, it was easy accepting his invitation. My neighbor invited his guests from different segments of his life background. All of the apartment’s tenants were supposedly invited but I saw only at least a few known neighbors present that night. Maybe some of the tenants had some other commitments or things to do for not attending the party. Apart from the neighbors, his office mates were also invited. A couple of them seem to have already worked for the company for a long time while some are still young professionals. Also, some of the party owner’s relatives were invited as I saw a few of his cousins and siblings at the living room. I’ve also known them in the past five years since they frequently visit my neighbor. Generally, the party was a very formal one in my opinion. The event provided a very good relaxing atmosphere for conversation and small talks in knowing acquaintances. There were no loud sounds but very smooth types of music were played the entire night. I didn’t see any children in the party. Also, the food was great with a whole set of catered meals and some light liquors. On a personal observation, my neighbor’s apartment seemed to me a little crowded in terms of fixtures. At the living room, some of his office stuffs were to be found only that they were set aside at the corners to provide more spaces for the guests. The furniture were also a bit old but were still comfortable especially the sofa. When I got a chance to go to the kitchen, it was really very small and cluttered compared to mine back home. The lighting for the entire unit was a little dim. This gloomy feel of the apartment was also enhanced by the pale colors of the walls which were at a brownish state of deterioration. The two windows of his room were also covered with dark colored curtains which used heavy fabrics. The unit’s atmosphere would have been hot during that night if not for an air conditioning unit. That equipment too seemed to be a very old one with some rusty parts in the control panel while the case was a bit yellowish. All of these factors simply provided a good impression that my neighbor’s unit was very old fashioned in terms of style. I just wondered if my neighbor’s earning were really at an optimum level before his promotion since I didn’t really saw improvements in his unit compared to the last time I went there. Even though my personal outlook of the unit was a little gloomy, I noticed that he has some very good appliances in his apartment. I thought the flat screen LCD TV in his living room was at least brand new. It really gave a very contrasting side on the situation of the unit’s atmosphere. He also has a state of the art music system just beside the television unit. It was a bit odd for such old apartment unit to see a complete home theater system more expensive than mine at a home.

“Hurricane Hits England” and “Search For My Tongue” Essay

Compare how a person’s culture is shown to be important in â€Å"Hurricane Hits England† and in one other poem. In both â€Å"Hurricane Hits England† and â€Å"Search For My Tongue†, the poems explore the theme of culture being important to person, both poems approach this theme in different ways. In â€Å"Hurricane Hits England†, the poet uses the method of flashbacks to explore the theme, whereas â€Å"Search For My Tongue† approaches this theme by putting us in the author’s shoes. In â€Å"Hurricane Hits England†, the subject matter is based around the serious hurricane that hit Southern England 1987. This is a very rare life force that is unusual in this country, more frequently occurring in the Caribbean. This storm in England reminds Nichols about her culture and this life force has been able to â€Å"break the frozen lake† within her. This shows us, the reader her culture is important to her, by creating a fusion of human life and natural life forces; â€Å"Talk to me Huracan†¦Talk to me Shango†. These â€Å"gods† that she is calling out to us the reader, makes us also think that she is trying to create a chant as if she sees the hurricane as both â€Å"Fearful and reassuring†. Although she is happy that the hurricane has come for it has been able to help her discover her culture again, she is also reminded about what damage this ‘life force’ can do to a country, physically and emotionally. The poet is using this event in England to help call her â€Å"back-home cousin†. This is another reminder to us the reader that she wants this occasion to be a flashback of what would have happened if she was in the Caribbean. However, she knows that this is not the same as the storms in the Caribbean, as the trees are â€Å"falling heavy as whales†. This simile is used to represent the different types of ecosystems around the world, how different trees have different properties. If you go to the Caribbean, the types of trees are mainly palm trees, with the properties of having flexible bark. However, in England the types of trees are Oak and Pine which are quite heavy and inflexible. This makes the trees unsuitable for this type of weather, making this experience still remind the poet about her culture, but seeing this weather as a new experience. In â€Å"Search For My Tongue†, the way the poets shows us how culture is important to her is done in different ways, by showing us how it is to be in another country and not be able to express your â€Å"mother tongue†. In this poem, she describes how she is scared of loosing her â€Å"mother tongue†, how it would â€Å"rot† and she will have to â€Å"spit it out†. This demonstrates how her language is a very important part of her culture and heritage and during the first stanza in the poem; the use of botanical imagery shows a mood of death and decay. She explains how she could not create a hybrid tongue, the use of both languages; â€Å"You could not use them both together†. This botanical imagery is then used to help the re-growth of her mother tongue while she is having a dream; â€Å"munay hutoo kay†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The way how she portrays this stanza of the poem, not only gives the impression of her doing a chant but also had a lyrical feeling towards it. This is then an awakening for her mother tongue to â€Å"grow†, thus rediscovering language and culture is obviously important to the poet. The final stanza is probably the most enlightening and meaningful stanza in the entire poem, for it finally concludes how culture can be extremely important to people and make them the way they are; â€Å"the bud opens in my mouth†. The use of botanical imagery has now been used to firstly represent death and decay, to now being represent growth and re-birth. This use of assonance in the last stanza also helps to change the mood of the entire poem, giving it a more positive feel to the poem; â€Å"blossoms out of my mouth†. This line not only tells us that she is happy with the culture that she has re-discovered, but it also means that she has found the item that she had lost; her tongue. We know this from the title of the poem â€Å"Search For My Tongue†. In conclusion, both of these poems have been able to show how a past culture can be important to a person’s character and future growth. This could teach all of us a moral lesson, by telling us that culture is important to everybody’s feeling of self by making it mould our characters to what we are today. In both these poems, they might have used different methods to portray these themes, with the outcome giving off the same message.