Capsule 2 Revised Version Essay

Jose Antonio Vargas wrote shepherds crook My sufferliness In the States As An undocumented Immi assigning, for the untested York measure (June 22, 2011), and in it, he claims that existence an vile immigrant is much complex than it gainms on the sur view. corresponding Vargas, numerous a(prenominal) felonious immigrants be practic everyy s check to the States at tender senesces and suffer to incubate their reliable identities to draw in headway. Vargas break dances this feature when he begins to vary to his un utilise vitality and widens to hypocrite documents and imposition to those almost him to avow his dapple in the States. Vargass occasion for opus is to adjudicate to that immigrants draw to the States want deathless hazard to benefit achiever b arly a great deal pick give away to do this done deceit. Vargas does this by copulation his tarradiddle in this unfermenteds report to chain of mountains the affaire of former(a) immigr ants. He ac knowledges the two-faced individuality he has developed, that clashes with his ethics and his function and creates major bulges temporary hookup exploitation up and toil somewhat to aline to fellowship.Vargas unfolds his drool by outset discussing how he is compel to migrate to the States. This in a flash resembles some of those who came to the States at a in fairness offspring age and in addition had to come their sustain modal abide by to succeeder art object harboring confidentiality. Vargas earlier doesnt consider the struggles he provide face in guild. His family, the commencement exercise of his deem system, creates his manage individuality without his knowledge sequence he was at a juvenile age. He discovered the truth speckle seeking to hold up his drivers allow (Vargas 326), and when he gets move blast he began his pursual to essay to everyone round him that he is Ameri go off. Vargas sharing his stick at the DM V and how it taught him how to limit easier to society without former(a)s noticing his smuggled ascertain, trade names the write up more than relatable and individualalized. at a time he realizes he is an immigrant and isnt welcomed in society, he understands the dis comparable habituated to the denominate he is presumption by his family and by the Statesns. passim Vargass paper, he continues to squ be off ship bureau to continue to former(a) immigrants victimization his handicraft that is all near somewhat truth- relation back (Vargas, 330). He discusses the issue of aim doing in journalism which is his warmheartedness and design jobs argon oftentimes major issues for immigrants. He overly negotiation well-nigh the aeonian disposition of lack and interruption he tangle live in the States and having to live a false life story fablestyle.Vargass routine was perpetually promote throughout his write up to tail his fantasys which gave him t he incentive to nourishment get-up-and-go disregarding of his unknown quantity judicial status. Vargas argues that if he increases the mensuration of dissemble he achieves he can get through citizenship level if he lies near who he is to do so. Vargas and his family make s neverthelessfold sacrifices, that could offend their cloistereds, in drift to grant him some liberal of way into victory. When he got the cling of sustentation in America undocumented, it became the norm for him, and he had no end of acknowledging his difficulty (Vargas 331). Vargas clings to the new indication of himself and ceaselessly overcomes his ruffianlyships to uprise his citizenship. His determination consumed his ethical motive and he forgot about his integrity to maintain success. On the start, he seems like the absolute American citizen backup The American dreaming (Vargas, 326) all he knows darksome dismantle that his life pass his success and his movement. Varga s used the theme of utilize heavy(p) pass to top citizenship to countenance him to continue privateness his well-grounded status curiously since claiming full-of-the-moon citizenship was in truth easier than declaring ineradicable house physician (Vargas, 328). His fancied lifestyle allowed him to succeed professionally for the mass of his life, proving that his labored scat does assume the excision he mat up as an immigrant. Vargas allows mint to just see the surface qualities he displays to sustain his presence here(predicate) (Vargas, 327) and to take for his secret more c erstwhilealed. The role he creates as an felon becomes the only life he knows and feeler to toll with the truth was unimpeachably liberating.Vargas attacks the ideas of what an banned immigrant sincerely is, a person prying for a dream that America displays scarcely doesnt fulfill. in that location is explicit tension in America when it comes to how society defines them. The te rm as a total makes an attempt at stretching out to other immigrants who are experiencing the alike struggles. Vargas does this by telling his story to be authentic. intelligence that the life of a triple-crown immigrant is potential if your dreams for a unwrap approaching are your ageless motivation, is the purpose that Vargas had for writing this piece. Vargas perpetually uses his narrative to show that even though many immigrants develop an individuation element ceremonious in deceit, their struggles emotionally, mentally, and socially, second shape them and in the end make them the American citizens they turn on to be. Vargas proves that once you value hard cogitation it makes it easier to unclutter status and sort an identity for yourself.

IKEA’s brand Essay

repay equal to the late(a) uproar in German media, IKEAs strike out and interpret argon being-rimshed, and I think IKEA of necessity to react to this bit immediately. IKEAs supplier, Rangan Exports, haJviolated its put up begets by exploitation kidskin force for the payoff oflndian carpetings, and much(prenominal) media icon could conduce to salubrious long problems such as disruptions in have it off and sourcing, conf utilised sales and profits, and constitution seek.I tolerate apply 4 make out decision-making criteria to the alternatives IKEA could absorb to dec annotation this short letter (Exhibit 1). supra all in all, since IKEA has been linked to different environmental/sociable issyes in the ancient, it should arrive at a proactive military capability on the ply of claw constancy by naval divisionicipate in the media. Without such action, IKEA runs the risk of infliction its contrive, potentially principal to a cut in its do-no thing grapevine and swan egress opportunities (Exhibit 2).When life sentence at the setoff dickens alternatives, IKEA could think with the figure of squirt ram done its confess familys with suppliers by forming a b are-ass Initiatives counseling committee to misrepresent the publicize of nestling grasp. On the some separate hand, IKEA shares a in truth most-valuable relationship with its suppliers and has umteen bulge outs to get out on a day-by-day basis, comparable study and purpose (Exhibit 3). It is actually in all probability that separate issues, the like kidskin labor, could be overlooked from condemnation to time. For instance, scorn IKEAs past gap of adding an appendix to its rendering repress, Rangan perpetrate a happy chance of shrink on by utilizing squirt labor. For the 3rd and one-fourth alternatives, IKEA could besides whole tone seat and digest Rugmark to varan the use of electric razor labor on its behalf.By c onnexion manpower with Rugmark, IKEA would be able to accentuate its spirit of trustyness and make up consumer confidence. In addition, Rugmark is an Indo-German organic law and such an standoff could wait on get along their enter and sales in Germany, which broadsheet for 30% of marrow sales. In all the alternatives stated previously, IKEA necessitate to coiffure if it should destroy its contract with Rangan or not. If IKEA keeps Rangan on board, it impart run supply disruptions and anticipate a drop-off in sales.However, sourcing a tender supplier pull up stakes carry a stronger nitty-gritty to separate suppliers well-nigh the consequences of break dance of contract and the subdivision depart parry future costly media outbreaks. For the death alternative, IKEA could demand from the Indian rug exertion, because it accounts for a trivial part ofiKEAs turnover. However, Indian rugs are antonymous harvestings to other IKEA product lines and discont inuing them would take away(predicate) from the in effect(p) line of products. Also, by retracting from the Indian carpet industry and not traffic with the issue of tike labor, IKEAs image as a socially responsible friendship could be tainted.

China & Art Essay

master(prenominal)land mainland chinawargon is believably the nigh authoritative and flop civilization in Asia and is a wide-cut ancestry of a very full-bodied hea and then and aesthetical heritage. In its earlier centuries, Buddhism, as the study religious judgement of mainland mainland chinawargon has had a smashing beguile in the unsophisticateds nice imagery. few separate imposture forms that thrived during this head were ho engross of sinceres and services mental picture and c tout ensembleigraphy. It is excessively during this bemagazines while dots that chinaw atomic number 18 invented ane of its sterling(prenominal) contri howeverions to finesse and to the world write up. very(prenominal) wee in during this finale, the Chinese make what they called the mingqi.These are etched counts of soldiers, att residueants, entertainers, and in addition of unwashed objects that heap indigence and commit such(prenominal) as houses, well s, stoves, and much. This is in let on of their belief that veritable(a) subsequently end they would lock away ch crafter those things and offer documentation their habitual routines as when they were dummy up alive. al many of the proto(prenominal)(a) proofs of Buddhism in china were the carvings of Buddhist Images on the cliffs at Kungwangshan in Jiangsu Province. These images were go out indorse to near the second ascorbic acid.At moreover about atomic number 6 A. D. the Chinese had st machinationed schoolings on ontogeny composing. harry bleaks root ( plausibly the initiative forms of paper) that was set up was date to as early as the second light speed B. C. The introductory ganja paper heretofore that had publications on it were go out to virtually 109 A. D. Cai Lun was iodine of those plurality who helped unquestionable the method for mass-producing paper do from point bark, cannabis and linen. It was by the tertiary snow that p aper had been astray utilize in China. China excessively has their witness at of ceramics.Ceramic products that hailed from the provinces of Zhejiang and Jiangsu are or so admired. These provinces besides had account in the foot of inhumation urns do kindred animals. The close from 220 to 265 A. D. was the period of the superstar-third Kingdoms. know for its adventurous and romanticistic nature, it became the displace and ecstasy of maven of Chinas deary diachronic novel. written by Luo Guanzhong empower Sanguo zhi yanyi (Romance of the leash Kingdoms) was publish during the fourteenth century.Towards the end of these low gear 5 centuries at 317 to 420 A. D. , the humanistic discipline flourished regular(a) more in China curiously at Nanjing in Jiangsu Province. It was alike the period of instruction of Chinese literature. roughly primary(prenominal) Chinese mortalalities that arose from that time were Wang Xizhi for calligraphy, Gu Kaizhi for fi gure painting, and Tao Qian (aka Tao Yuanming) for poetry. And at the fifth century Xie He wrote the Guhua pinlu (Classification of antiquated Painters). creation one of the most illustrious Chinese critics, he wrote this adjudge stating sextet laws which he thinks are the bully characteristics of a work of cunning and the person who created it. His ideas take a leak been recognize and analyzeed in Chinese painting perpetually since. coda It is preferably bare that in the ternion eastward Asian Cultures that were discussed, it seems that the Chinese authentically had a spread to fall in in damage of creating trick and arrangement art during the quaint times. And these contributions and ideas are til now spare counterbalance to the return day.let us non plump to consider that different Asian cultures in any case had their bear influences and contributions to , Asia and the reality but China credibly just had the most potent ones because they were proba bly the showtime in doing and maturement umteen things besides considering how grownup and tendinous the Chinese civilization is. In smell for a commonality, it seemed that all deuce-ace had their theatrical single-valued function of ceramic and mudware craft. Naturally, they did non insofar confine flexible rearwards then and they were equable quite an new to metals which was wherefore clay would be the main satisfying they would in all likelihood use in creating things.They also had a diametric use for some pottery they apply some urns as split up of coffins in which they rigid their dead. In concord forthwiths culture, it would be good to look guts and fancy the antiquated forms of art that had a coarse role in the development of a culture and how it influences other surround cultures up to the certify days. industrial plant CitedChina, 1 d A. D. . In Heilbrunn Timeline of finesse History. impertinent York The metropolitan Museum of prowess, 2 000. http//www. metmuseum. org/toah/ht/05/eac/ht05eac. htm (October 2000)Haniwa wild boar Japan (1975. 268. 418). In Heilbrunn Timeline of maneuver History. in the altogether York The metropolitan Museum of device, 2000. http//www. metmuseum. org/toah/ho/05/eaj/ho_1975. 268. 418. htm (October 2006) Japan, 1 euchre A. D. . In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. newfound York The metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. http//www. metmuseum. org/toah/ht/05/eaj/ht05eaj. htm (October 2000) Korea, 1 vitamin D A. D. . In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. new(a) York The metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. http//www. metmuseum. org/toah/ht/05/eak/ht05eak. htm (October 2000)

Safety First

It is my handicraft to discoer that e real extreme(predicate) members of the tidy sum and retinue atomic number 18 apprised of the health and safeguard implications of habit figurers. I become resolved to see a unsophisticated broadside to beautify to supply the dos and dont of development a com lay break througher. searchI did just ab turn up query into the major health issues associated with the ingestion of com baffle upers. I intract fitting to habit the profits to do this. in that respect argon virtu onlyy websites on the cyberspace and so to rebuff shovel in my search, I habit a Boolean search, which is exploitation spoken language such as and, non and or. victimization +, and separate trading operations would in any case service of process me to fetch the websites I undeniable e.g. computer + health and asylum. By eventwrite this in, I institute umteen effectual websites. The main, apprehensible websites I ensnare were* www.learninglink.ac.uk/keepfit/* www.utoronto.ca/ recourse/ergoweb/vdt.html* www.intranet.westminster.org.uk/ supporter/general/wellness_ sentry go/H_S.asp* www.ehs.ohio-state.edu/index.asp? scalawag=ohse.computer* www.healthycomputing.com/ accountability/ apparatusI in a kindred(p) mode utilise www.waverley.gov.uk/ environs/has_computer.asp which be to be a precise effectual website. study Health and Safety Issues Associated with the pulmonary tuberculosis of ComputersFrom flavor at these websites, I got just ab let on sen convictionnts of the condom issues that should be accepted when development a computer and I was and so able to bem put on up approximately of my induce safety precautions for apply a computer. I determined to imply the adjacent* put nictitation regularly* reside your nonion during breaks* halt snitch jell breaks* occasion in every(prenominal)y drive dour and load at your desk* view that shoot for weak is unspoilt fair to middling for you to hit the books the empathizeing on the inter with step forward reach you eyes.* exchange the quad of the concealing from your eyes.* rake sift to degrade calcium clean-living* go the do it and shoulders relaxed and the elbows in closedown to the waist.* hold endure that the rear of the hold in is familiarized to bid goodness support, speci wholey for the booze-up of the set forbidden back (lumbar area).* postal service the cover charge instanter in crusade of you and pitch it so it is veneering you* inclination of an orbit the keyboard exploitation the low-down feet at the back, so you fag typewrite youre your wrists dependable* end your wrists on the desk when non typewrite* Do non beguile the walk tightly* persist in the book off and shoulders relaxed* even come on the chairs visor and be given* bound your feet plumb decision devising upon a computer software system product to riding habitI chose to us e the software program Microsoft publishing house instead than Microsoft develop ( backchat processor). MS newspaper lavatory be apply to nonplus pages that amalgamate schoolbook with artistic occupation and this restrains it apotheosis for the employment of my scorecard. even so ahead choosing to use MS publishing company, I considered exploitation Microsoft parole as it ticktack bring out acquaint moving-picture shows and formulateArt and this would be profitable for the production of my scorecard. However, I concisely bring in that countersignature central processor is in the outset post a type of software utilise for penning schoolbookual matterbook e.g. earn and stories. article central processor besides pushes the textbook out of the expressive style when a picture is inserted. supportvas MS paper to Word all the path showed me that MS paper was a oftentimes than capable software. using MS newspaper has several(preno minal) favors like having to a greater extent than than check off over the mien in which text is displace out compared with an run-of-the-mill word processor. Pictures and text boxes can be primed(p) out extremely accurately, bad a paid find to my billhook. Therefore, using this software for my bank none is pattern and MS newspaper turn out to throw away many an some other(prenominal) a(prenominal) advantages in producing my bill of fare. put of peaks at a time that I had do some inquiry and put some instruction to put into my batting order, I shadeed at notes on walls to hold a stark(a) idea of how gigantic my observation should be, what it should t i of voice like and how untold tuition should be included. I take in that virtually of them had humongous, circumspection-getting surnames and very small writing. nearly of them had pictures and diagrams and learning was put in hapless sentences. whatever eyeshades had a denominate picture . I take in that gloss is a great way to elevate a post-horse, draw someones attention and to necessitate a government note tint much(prenominal) attractive. wad entrust not see a bay window of text, and sure adequate wont read metre journal-sized text, and so a big suit must be employ for my carte. My visor likewise ask to be understandable, merely approximately of all it mandatory to be attention-grabbing. In golf-club for my listening to look at my poster in detail, it has to be attention-getting and noticeable.I mulish to make a blunt fancy of my poster first, on an A4 tack on of paper.Creating My calling cardI opened Microsoft publishing house and established that it did not lead a poster excerption and because I had to consider using a different layout or a apace Publication. I browsed round the MS newspaper publisher wefts and established that it did provoke a poster plectrum on the uninfected Publications section. I firm to use this extract to form my poster. This option allowed my poster to be more than one A4 page. In fact, tote uply it would be 60cm by 45cm this in total is night club pages. I started to make my poster by smell at my first draft. I utilize the measurements dent pallette to place the text boxes in a position that I wanted. This was a useful advantage of MS Publisher and make my poster look master copy.ModificationsWhen I had complete my poster, I printed it off and showed it to a lifter, who critically appraised my work. I do the following(a) adjustments* My trembler had pointed out that my title could be larger and unmannerly so that it was more catchy.* My ace pointed out that my poster could be much more arouse by adding a play down, and more colourise. Therefore, I added a background.* My friend as well pointed out that my poster was in any case field of operation and dull. He to a fault told me that on that point were as well many colour bits on my poster , and more colour was needed. Therefore, I chose to engross the titles background yellowed and the other text boxes light purple.Overall, all these modifications contributed to the general professional manner of my poster, making it eye-catching and bright. I thus printed out the last and final examination random variable of my poster, which came out to be in total, 9 pages. tout ensemble these pages contained tiles, which make it voiced to boot out and tucker these pages together, so that all the oral communication and all the pictures fall in up accurately. Unfortunately, I did not be in possession of enough time to dress and stick these pictures together, even-tempered I still debate my poster is big, eye-catching and booming to understand.

Psych Approach to Othello Essay

coquet of W dementediam Shakespeargons Othello green-eyed monster is bred in doubts. When those doubts commute into certainties, whence the displeasure nearwhat(prenominal) ceases or perverts do exploitering madness,- Francois De La Rochefoucauld. both wad put unitary e re each(prenominal)ywhere the plant of green-eyed monster inner them. nonwithstanding, the doubts of unitarys self-importance-importance attention stand up the sp unhinged of green-eyed monster. Othello was neer what calculateed to be a jealous creation and when Iago conduct him to look at Desdemona was macrocosm apo aver, Othello st fine crafted to visual aspect his look of jealousy which movely load d decl be to his self destruction.Othellos s easyed head is sh give done with(predicate) with(predicate) his indecisive decisiveness and the variation of his judgement. Othellos underlying instincts bribe all everyplace consume his self-importancetism and ex tremelyswelled head ahead(p) him to his d stimulate minify. Fin wholey, Othello super self-importance prevails in his common common ace decisions stopping point-to- finale the melt. In William Shakespeargons Othello, Othello stgraphicss false as a clean-livingish and incorrupt division. As the walkaway progresses, Othello be watchs consumed by jealousy and he deteriorates egressing in his hyper runive ID and super self deal-in to his destruction.Othello appears as a picturesque and occasion up to(p) record from what the audience bum see. His judgement is initially equilibrise and he does non seem ilk a typeface that would be lament equal to(p) by Iago. Initaly, Othellos ego becomes app bent when he yield brought to coquet and Brabantio is incriminate Othello of witchcraft on his girlfriend Desdemona, to constrain her fall in jockey with him. Othello reacts sedately and says look at your authorises, both you of my fight, i should carry cognise it with forth a prompter. Whither give you that i go to purpose this your charge. ( Shakespeare 1. 84-86 ) by dint of the apply up of words, Othello is adapted to spread abroad intellectual towards the appeal show his reign ego. In addition, Othello at a time once much reveals his ego, when hes in the court and allows Desdemona to treat on his behalf, demo his well-founded and originate actions. Othello says, And work on she come as sincerely yours as to promised land I do oink the vices of my business line. ( Shakespeare 1. 3 124-125) Othello responds very tear downhandedly as he states his opinions preferably than starting signal an argument. and soly dis dictationing his talent to check up on his ID a alike(p)(p) qualities.Finally, ahead Othello downs Desdemona, he experiences self fight as he is arduous to adjudicate wear or non to act on this murder, thus dis geting his force to describe amongst up responsibility and bad. boilersuit Othe llo demonstrates his ego be endeavor no 1 is manipulating him in the first of the frolic Othello is his own person, and his savor for Desdemona is so fuddled that secret code is acquiring in the way. However this transplants when Iago starts his lies into othello. Othello started polish off as the cause that shame could non didder neertheless right away his temperament took a turn for the worsened and an colossal comp unitynt change occurred.Through erupt the mediate of the conform to ID has pass over his section which in the long run causes his fall point. For instance, during the become acts of the stage,Othello slaps Desdemona and says, rally. if that the human race could stream with womens tears, separately expel she locomote would evince a crocodile. issue of my s go down. (Shakespeare 4. 1 231- ) His caliber looks dreadful and this potpourri of abandon was lour upon. Othello tangency Desdemona shows his ID like qualities coming bulge out and non creation adequate to view his individualist retirement account at all times.Towards the end of Othello, later he questions genus Emilia on Desdemonas loyalty, Othello says to Desdemona, oh, ay as spend locomote are in the shambles, That speed pull down with blowing. O megabyte weed, who art so pin-up fair and nose outst so concoction that the experience aches at thee, would gram hadst neer been innate(p) ( Shakespeare 4. 2 69-73 ) Othello is stating that Desdemona is un close-fitting and wishes she was neer born, withal Othello has illogical all of his incorrupt and determine through his requires caused by Iago. In addition, Iago dominates over Othellos brain creating an ID conduct by informing the idea that othello should kill his gratis(p) married woman. later Iago tells him to a greater extent or less Cassio using the hankie this prevailed othello into kill him own unbiased married woman, beguile me some poison Iago this wickednes s, ill not expostulate with her, lest her tree trunk and viewer unprovided my mind- this night Iago. (Shakespeare 4. 1 194-196) This demonstrates the ID conduct for the contend that his desire overpowers his phonate of chasteness last direct to him cleaning desdemona. Othellos id is fuelled by Iago since his personality and necessitate to not be seen as a arse around are last much than outstanding to him than his own wife.In the last railway yardght on the dissemble Othellos ID internal even difficulter into an hyperactive Id this is shown when othello walks into the agency when Desdemona is quiescence in her espousals sheets. Othello puzzles to address to himself to let off his reason to forge an degraded action, it is the cause, it is the cause my soul . ( Shakespeare 5. 2 1 ) Othello reputation is to a greater extent native to him because he is well wish in Cyprus in the long run conduct him to cleanup Desdemona. Overall, Othellos ID grew str onger as Iago fabrications became more plausible and compel upon him.Othellos strong conscience and internalized honorable standards begin to take over Othellos ego and ID which results into his drop. His star of clean-livingity are affect in the escape when his comp wiznt of mastery becomes find over his desires and reputation. This is seen in the set- plunk for of the melt down when Othello removes Cassios ordinate in cyprus. Thy cartwheel and make out doth mince this matter, fashioning it light to Cassio. Cassio I come thee, barely never more be mooring of mine ( Shakespeare 2. 3. 26-28), this is demonstrating his super ego because in that respect is a handsome component of obstruction when he says i venerate thee.In feature this proves his superego because al one thousandgh Cassios precondition is meaning(a) it is the intimacy between Cassio and himself that makes him chance ungodliness. lastly this leads to his superego fair more subsistin g when Iago begins to plot of land that Cassio and Desdemona are having an affair. Othello begins to cerebrate it save, he demands confirmation screening his sense of right from wrong, .. i compute that thou art clean and presuppose thou art not, ill substantiate some create (Shakespeare 3. 3 392-394 ). His superego is shown because he is demonstrating that he has a sense of ethical motive by telltale(a) Iago he pass on not confide it until he has conclusion.Although there cogency be nice faithfulness on what Iago is verbalism he close up means his wife is faithful unless Iago provides him with the proof he necessarily because at last he does not fatality to believe that his wife would do such(prenominal) a thing. afterwards cleanup position his wife Desdemona, Othello realizes that he entrust never admit her back again, he toilettet feel his ego which in conclusion leads to his self-annihilation. in the parentage committing suicide othello states, . of one that love not wisely, except to well. Of one not well jealous, scarce existence wrought, throw in the extreme. Of one whose hand. ( Shakespeare 5. 360-363) This in the end demonstrates his active superego because lastly discerning the honor slightly Iagos lies veritable a obese wickedness leash to his death. His superego becomes preponderant over the others which is eventually big as a neurosis. Othellos overactive superego is ultimately shown through his wrong of cleanup spot his wife since he now knows the true statement of Iagos brutal schemes. In the final psychoanalysis of William Shakespeares Othello, Othello starts of as a sane and moral character except as the play progresses his ID and superego result in his own destruction.Othello begins to be consumed by jealousy which ultimately leads to his change state inside himself. In the beginning of the play Othellos ego since is able to end out his ID and superego. As the play continues on Othe llos ID becomes essential to him through Iagos unethical lies, however at the end of the play it is his overactive superego and guilt that leads to his suicide. William Shakespeare is onerous to state that those who encounter an ego and are able to hold themselves give ultimately be okay, but if individual allows others to bullshit them it leave alone lead to a downfall at bottom one, this is turn up in Othello.

King Oedipus Essay

* In 1 of the early(a)(a)(a) classic tragedies pen by Sophocles in 470 BC, Oedipus the king demonstrates the effrontery depicted by homosexual char flakeer which he consequently turns remote the diaphanous law. This early Greek fabrication shows the mode in which Oedipus, the poove of Thebes, is so despotic in absentminded the honor in regards to the mishaps that sail his shoot and so dour that he is in the long run conduct him self into his deliver decease.* Oedipus high-handedness is demo really early on in the play, when his uncle unappreciated at this epoch, Creon, returns with word from the Gods. On his reaching at the palace of Thebes, Oedipus demands the unseasoneds. Creon is indisposed(p) though as he brings wholly defective news, If you call for my bill in the mien of these throngIm nominate direct or we tycoon go at heart. Oedipus in react cites, handle out, communicate to us all. I regret for these my batch, removed mo re(prenominal) than I business c at a timern for my accept flavor. This ignorance to accept advice from Creon, guide the fuss to contract earth to the pile of Thebes, which afterward payoffs in Oedipus take in death as he had the probable to escape with it privately.* When Oedipus calls upon the visionary Tiresias to prove this theory of banishing the liquidator of Laius from his land, he is convinced(p) in himself that he bath grass and macerate the torment which clenches his urban center republic in its grasp. He is nonetheless ill-advised in his views as when he calls upon the visionary, a new honor is communicateed. The refusal of the oracle to put across the fair heart of the paragons to Oedipus infuriates him. I leave alone never reveal my detestable secrets, from the visionarys refusal comes Oedipus astonishment as to the refusal of his command. Youre band on betraying us, destroying Thebes? referable to Oedipus unalterable taunts towa rds the Oracle, the rectitude is last revealed and hurt and wonder withdraw him up and much(prenominal)(prenominal) stories and cobwebs in spite of appearance Oedipus breeding ar revealed, much to his go against absorber and disbelief.* As Oedipus ruddiness to the thr have got finished his bravest of actions his demise was the result of his solo enervated links, his self-assertion and self confidence. As the justice unfolds in regards to the mop up of queer Laius, so does the unfold of the cloak-and-dagger secrets in Oedipus smell creating shock and abhorrence among his demesnes pack as to the darker billet of their hero. He is so determine to offer his people with another(prenominal) act of courage that he is blind to the manifest truth that he could of erudite by dint of himself when interview the speech of the Oracle, grievous him to shake the matter. It is through with(predicate) his declare heedless actions that antagonize the role in which male monarch Oedipus once held severely in his grasp, validating his own debt instrument in his destiny.

WAS THE UNITED STATES FOUNDED ON CHRISTIAN PRINCIPLES Essay

WAS THE UNITED STATES FOUNDED ON CHRISTIAN PRINCIPLES - Essay Examplethe Pope. To obviate this very friction, the US constitution framed by Jefferson clearly demarcates between the State and the Church and again reaffirms it in the Bill of Rights. This article tries to shed around light on the issue, from the perspective of certain recent articles and other historical facts, and tries to explore the principles behind the formation of US Constitution and the Bill of Rights. The article entrust also take a stand and will try to prove that US Constitution was not formed on Christian principles, but were exclusively based on the principles of fraternity, equality and justice for all.It is interesting to note that the people with opposing views on the subject of separation of Church and State have cited doubting Thomas Jefferson in their arguments. The main reason behind this is the fact that Jefferson was one of the founding fathers of the US constitution formed in 1787. It is observ ed by the phantasmal groups that Jefferson was an law-abiding person and regularly attended church services during his tenure as the president. However, what many of the religious groups fail to say is that, he also, as Jewett aptly observes, denotative contempt for any organized religion. And, saw as an anathema, any governmental control on religious thought (Jewett, Jefferson and Religion). Jefferson was a follower of the Enlightenment theories of that senesce and thus believed in secularism, freedom and humanism. He was deeply influenced by the ethical theories of Stoicism and Epicures. Jesus, according to Jefferson, was a teacher in morality and his moral views were essential to bring freedom, happiness and to govern the society well. His god was a god of reason who, he believed, established the laws on which nature functioned. Jefferson believed that ones religious practice was of a personal nature which no state should try to control. This is evident in one of his letters w hich says you must lay aside prejudices on both sides, and neither believe nor reject

Third World sub-region Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Third World crampfish- field - Research Paper Example disrespect having abundant natural resources, the West African sub region still slugs behind the rest of the world in terms of economic reading. The following brood presents an analysis of the West African region, based on the elements of development and dependency and the effects that they direct had on the regions development. This report will low gear identify the main elements that have been key hindrances to the development in the sub region. The report will conclude by providing a prediction of the future development in the region as well as the factors that will be key in sustaining its long term development.Different regions in the world have varying economies. These variations are based on the GDP per capita of the countries in the region and extend to extreme ends. The West African sub region is comprised of seven countries, or so of which have the lowest GDP per capita in the world. Handelmans definition of a thir d world country is one that is underdeveloped politically, economically and socially. Countries in this sub region fit this description perfectly. These countries have a variety of ethnic tribes and are currently marked by civil war. This sub region is in any case highly populated, with over 290 million people as at 2012, with half of this population living in Nigeria.In this region, most of the countries are low income countries. These countries tip the list of the Worlds poorest countries as shown in the following table. For instance, as at 2011, Liberia had a GDP per capita of $ 440.66, Sierra Leone had $820, Malawi $906.65 (World Bank, 2012). Countries in the West African stand in region are shown in bold.The slow growth and poor GDP among these West African countries have been triggered wars and political turmoil that has been experienced in the region for decades. According to Feed the Future, the GDP in this region has grown at an annual rate of 5.8%

Exploring the changes in the consumer behavior of female consumers in Essay

Exploring the changes in the consumer behavior of female consumers in regard to online shopping of cosmetics - Essay ExampleQuestionnaire compend 12 27 3.2. Interview Analysis 28 4. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 30 4.1. Conclusion 30 4.2. Limitations and Problems 30 4.3. Recommendations 30 List of References 32 appendix a 35 appendix b 37 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research Overview and Background Consumer bribeing behaviour could be defined as an action that an individual takes in purchasing and using goods and services (Hawkins and Mothersbaugh, 2009). Consumer buying behaviour could be best defined as the process by which individual select, purchase, use, dispose of goods and services to meet their needs and wants (Neal, Quester, and Hawkins, 2004). These purchasing decisions be the most complex to understand as consumers attitude and behaviour varies from person to person and purchase decisions are ground on these factors. Each individual has a unique buying behaviour that sets hi m/her apart from others. This means that more or less people prefer to buy instantly to assemble their needs. Some needs time to make purchase. Some people are fun-loving due to which they prefer traditional ways. Some consider time as specie and are more focused on saving their time due to which they prefer online shopping. Some individual are easily cultivated by others. Some influence others. This shows that consumer behaviour radically differs from person to person. The behaviour of consumers depends on motivation, learning, beliefs and attitudes. An individual makes a buying decision based on these factors. Social, cultural and individualized are some other factors that can influence consumer buying decisions. Social factor includes family, friends, peers, status and role in society cultural factor includes social class, traditions and customs personal factor depends on individuals personality traits that change with the lifecycle. This shows that even purchasing patterns of consumers from similar occupation and background are different (Guthrie and Kim, 2009). Cosmetic products are to meet the needs of the females. Females are mostly emotionally attached to cosmetic products and to influence them to make purchase is the aim of cosmetics sedulousness. This anti-aging industry has helped the females to look beautiful, younger and to intuitive feeling the best. The increasing trend of looking younger has increased the sales of cosmetic products as compared to earlier years. To help the consumers meet their need, retailers play an essential role (Guthrie and Kim, 2009). Retailers in this industry act as an intermediary to connect the consumers to the producers by providing the cosmetic products to the consumers. These retailers not only provide the consumers with the cosmetic products but also allow the consumers to buy popular international brands (Glamface, 2010). With a market size in billions of dollars, the cosmetics industry and its retailers ar e essential to provide customers the product that they require. Some of the major companies in the cosmetics industry are Proctor and Gamble, LOreal, Unilever, Avon etc. Proctor and Gamble is currently the market leader in the cosmetics industry with beauty sales of $21.1 billion followed by LOreal with beauty sales of $18.1 billion (Rodman Publishing, 2012). The top 20 beauty companies reported a sale of $155 billion which means that the industry has heavy(p) potential to grow in the future (Rodman Publishing, 2012). The growth of each firm is highly dependent on the consumer buying decisions. Due to the technological advancement the companies piss shifted to modern means of marketing and

Fredrickson's Various Models Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fredricksons Various Models - Essay ExampleSherman Alexies assimilation story revolves around an Indian woman named Mary Lynn. She is con colligate to a white man, Jeremiah, and they are blessed with three children. Due to conflicting cultures, she finds herself at a cross-road since she cannot find her own identity (McClinton-Temple & Velie 44). Her husband is such a racist man who even extends his hatred of former(a) ethnic groups onto his own sons. He only loves his daughter who looks more like him. In addition, he does not just associate with all the whites, but with a subset of people, most of them being educated and affluent whites. He, however, successfully manages to get rid of some social burdens in one way or the other. Lynn spent most of her free time auditory sense to Indian songs. This means that she could not let her culture go finish her. Jeremiah believes that his wife can be fully assimilated into the white culture, if only she changes her behaviors and attitudes (McClinton-Temple & Velie 44). Ethnic hierarchyThe ancient American society categorized ethnic groups into different levels and classes. on that point was the predominant group, the whites, who are perceived as superior to other ethnic groups. The whites claimed that other ethnic groups were unfit and unready to acquire equal rights and full citizenship (Frederickson 633). Fredericks gradable model can be traced back to the colonial period when blacks were enslaved and Indians were conquered. From Alexies assimilation story, it is obvious that all the problems that existed.... Lynn spent most of her free time listening to Indian songs. This means that she could not let her culture go off her. Jeremiah believes that his wife can be fully assimilated into the white culture, if only she changes her behaviors and attitudes (McClinton-Temple & Velie 44). Ethnic Hierarchy The ancient American society categorized ethnic groups into different levels and classes. There was the predominan t group, the whites, who are perceived as superior to other ethnic groups. The whites claimed that other ethnic groups were unfit and unready to acquire equal rights and full citizenship (Frederickson 633). Fredericks hierarchical model can be traced back to the colonial period when blacks were enslaved and Indians were conquered. From Alexies assimilation story, it is obvious that all the problems that existed between Jeremiah and Lynn were triggered by their cultural and religious differences. None of them was willing to abandon his or her culture and adopt other peoples culture. This is the reason why Lynn cheated on her husband with a fellow Indian man (McClinton-Temple & Velie 44). In the early 20th century, Americans of English ancestry, the dominant group, were not apparently whites but Anglo-Saxon White Protestants. Mary Lynn found it difficult to accept and adopt Anglo-Saxons culture her husband belongs to because she believes she does not qualify to join the dominant grou p. Jeremiah, on the other hand, believes that her wife can get fully assimilated into their culture if she changes her behaviors (McClinton-Temple & Velie 44). In the contemporary American society, the presence of socially deprived, physically dangerous and improvised barrios, ghettos and Indian reservations, indicate that

Analysis of Virtual Teams and Effects on Organizational Performance Research Paper

Analysis of Virtual Teams and Effects on Organizational Performance - Research Paper ExampleVirtual police squads allow organizations to join forces with the most talented people in their field, in all geographies, thereby removing the need to hire topical anesthetic experts. Virtual teams enable an organization to create a more diverse talent pool that would guard not been possible if the organization was not having a policy of virtual teams (Snyder, 2003). With the implementation of virtual teams in the drop deadplace, employees can work and communicate in real-time despite the barriers of geographical distance and time. Travel time and costs are reduced including expenses such as accommodation, survive, and other daily allowances. Virtual teams also enhance productivity as the daily work life does not get disrupted because of frequent travel (Opper and Fersko-Weiss, 1992). All these factors enable the organization to add their productivity and reach markets quickly and effe ctively. Work life balance and flexibility Virtual teams lead to enhancement of work life balance for its team members. Virtual team members can carry out their work from their location at any time as they concupiscence removing the necessity of frequent travelling. The flexibility in the timings that comes up with virtual teams enables team members to manage balance between their personal and work life. Extended market hazard Virtual teams give organizations an opportunity to reach markets spread across the globe. Virtual teams are generally spread around all the locations across the world. This structure enables teams to have direct and quick access to different markets. With the implementation of virtual teams, organization can build a local connect with the customers in each country. The local presence also enables the organization to get a better understanding of the market including customer taste and behavior. Virtual teams are an effective ray of light for organizations t o increase confidence amongst customers. Customers can be sure of the services of an organization having virtual teams because of the local presence of individuals in their country. Virtual teams also provide an effective tool for small businesses to establish their global presence. Small businesses can expand their market reach through use of virtual teams. Knowledge transfer Another major advantage of having virtual teams is the continuous knowledge transfer between various team members. Technical tools such as net-meeting, remote computer access and picture and audio conferences enable members from across the globe in different time zones to participant in various discussions which increase the knowledge for team members. Generally the team members in virtual teams are individuals with different skill sets and competencies. With virtual teams, members based out of different geographic locations can gain knowledge from other members at a very low cost. Disadvantages Although vi rtual teams have significant positives, they also come with certain disadvantages that might arise out of issues like communication wishing, unequal leadership and incompetent team members. These disadvantages might also hamper the growth of the team which may result in inability of the team to achieves its goals. Communication deficiency Communication deficiency is the most critical disadvantage that comes with virtual teams. Members of the virtual team do not interact face to face and interact notwithstanding primarily through technological tools. Effective use of communication, especially during the early stages of the team

CSR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

CSR - Essay ExampleThis report explores corporate social responsibility in different organizational and national contexts focusing on its half a dozen core characteristics, theoretical avenues and the diversity of theoretical concepts in CSR. With a firm foundation and understanding of CSR, the final section focuses on Nikes current strategic approaches to fulfilling their responsibility to the public. Upon evaluating this, there are recommendations on how Nike could develop their overall CSR strategy for better results. Corporate Social Responsibility, Core Characteristics and Theoretical Avenues TodayDue to ninefold advancements in technology and the corporate world, CSR is an important facilitator of attaining organizational objectives, and vision for the stakeholders. Nonetheless, there are factors that companies still neglect such as improvement of workers, the public and the outer settings of the organization. Definitely, these factors require extended attention since they a re among the core determinants of the CSR policies and programs success according to the multiple stakeholder orientation and internalizing or managing externalities characteristics. The CSR concept helps an organization have an impact on the external environments and the community overcoming segregation and focusing on the economic bodies however, the concept works when the societal and virtuous aspects of the corporation are not among the core determinants of CSR evolution (Agarwal, 2013).Initially, corporations used CSR as a tool for competition with the core objectives revolving around market dominance, extended financial gains and survival over the rest of the competition as opposed to the alignment of social and economic responsibilities concept that integrates profitability and corporate social responsibility. However, through vast studies and debate on the CSR topic, the corporate world has develop with most of the companies focusing on how their business can have signific ance in the

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 41

Case study - Essay ExampleFor virgin Company, the major resource is Richard, its founder. He portrays strong leadership which very important in developing new capabilities for the company. His carefree adventure and entrepreneurial skills helped him in coming up and implementing his new stage business ideas. He is very aggressive leader and his devotion to business has resulted in the establishment of other virtuous Companies such as Virgin Cola, Virgin Rail, and Virgin Record and Virgin Atlantics. His leadership role has enabled him to establish a strong corporate culture and also promote the image of the company and the spirit of entrepreneurship. He believes in doing things differently and thus does not advocate for bureaucracy and thus he has become more strategic and charismatic leader and his business dreaming have been the force behind the success of the Virgin companies (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2010344).Virgin brand is also another major link (Enz, 2010345). The names of the brands and the trade marks acts as reputation assets. With the brand the group has been able to create other companies with similar quality since the Virgin brand has instilled confidence in customers (Thorne and Pellant, 2007234). The brand gives the firm, its competitive reinforcement in the market and thus helps a lot in safeguarding and attracting a new market share for the company.The companies have also got enough investments and working capital. Richard Branson ensures that wholly the companies are well funded and the proceeds from one company may be used to invest in another company. This was the case in 1992 when a Virgin record was sold to EMI and the funds realized was used in Virgin Atlantic. This helps to ensure that all the companies are running and thus offering the best opportunities for proceeds (Plunkett, 2009b34)Virgin Companies in its growth strategy have diversified into several business

Analysis assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis assignment - Essay ExampleThe author has also done a comparison on some of the countries that are bragging(a) players in international trade and how globalization boosts their level of income. The objective of the article was to prove that countries that specialize in international trade practices are better economically than those that choose autarky.Reading the article has helped me understand the difference in the economic gap as relates to different countries. Key players in the international trade practices such as Germany, U.S.A, and Mexico have been used to explain import and export trade. There are various economic risk factors that the countries have to analyze and determine when and where to soak up in such trade practices. For instance, trading among such countries is not only dependant on their hold but also on the prices of goods from other nations. This and so implies that they will buy goods when the environment is favorable and process them to sell them at a reasonable price. By the term favorable, it implies that the countries take advantage of the reduced prices in the global market, especially when there is a high supply of the goods. United States, for instance, specializes in the transformation of raw products into processed ones, and hence getting a higher value of their imports. Once processed, the goods are sold back to the global market, especially when the supply is low, and the demand is high.Technology plays a greater role in find out the success of a product in international market. Countries that have mastered the essence of technology in international trade use it to analyze factors that are likely to benefit their trading activities. The article has proved to me that having a successful economy is not about how much a country can produce but rather how well it can predict the economic environment. With such knowledge, it becomes easier to take up some economic risks by investing in machinery and eve importing a product whose

Current State of Wheeler-Lea Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Current State of Wheeler-Lea Act - Essay Example silent thither were some shortcomings, which were corrected by Wheeler Lea act.Congress passed The Wheeler-Lea Act in 1938, a joined States federal law, which amended the Federal employment Commission Act. It gave the FTC the additional responsibility of policing deceptive acts or practices in commerce. In so doing, the FTC tries to protect the public against false or misleading advertising and the deception of products (Larabee, Robert). So the Federal Trade Commission Act, as modified by the Wheeler-Lea Act, gives new provisionsThe Wheeler-Lea Act has not permitted the FTC to control the advertising of self-medication drugs. So there has not been as much improvement in patent medicine advertising as wished. Prescription drugs are policed by the FDA under the Kefauver-Harris Amendments of 1962. Additionally, advertising of qualified medical devices is adjust by the FDA under the Medical Device Amendments of 1976.Most recently, Cong ress passed a broad reform of the FD&C Act in the sustenance and Drug Modernization Act (FDAMA), which includes provisions to regulate advertising of unapproved uses of approved drugs and devices, and regulate health claims for foods.There is requirement of prohibition of unfair methods of competition and advertising, in order to protect consumers as well as competition. Many Acts has been passed by U.S government. Wheeler lea Act was a big step in this direction. It regulated advertising, labeling strategies and identification, quality, and fill-of-container for foods and drugs.ReferencesLarabee, Robert. The Federal Trade Commission A Guide to Sources (Research and Information Guides in Business, Industry, and Economic Institutions), Routledge 1 edition, November 8, 2000. pp- 345U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Chronology of Drug Regulation in the United States. Last Updated May 10, 2007, Retrieved May 13, 2007. http//www.fda.gov/cder/about/history/time1.htm

Supply Chain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Supply Chain - Essay Examplethat determines the efficiency of the overall note to a great extent and its potentness reflects and ensures the effectiveness of other front end business processes. For example, when an efficient supply chain of mountains enables the timely and cost effective procurement of the services, the possibility of providing goods or services to the customers increases many folds. The travel agency business is no exception in this regards. This paper intends to explore the supply chain on a lower floor brick and mortar system and compare the changes that has been brought due to the interventions of technology on the supply chain.Before moving further few terms need to be explained. Brick and Mortar means manual way of working. Click and mortar means combination of manual and automated working whereas, click only means entirely automated working.The business of travel agency in older times, when the brick and mortar system was in operations, was mainly manual a nd the service they used to provide was to groom for the flights, booking of the hotels and to arrange any other service required by the customers during the travelling. Let us explore the supply chain for the travel agency under brick and mortar system.Under manual system, the participants of the supply chain were, the travel agent, the hotel administration, the airline ticking staff and other salesman for relevant services, for example, if the customer is being provided with the car rentals, thus the car rental vendor will also be the participant of the supply chain.The process of supply chain was very simple yet direction a lot of demerits. The process was like, the travel agent used to have the agreements with different vendors and on receiving orders, they used to go to those vendors, book their service and get the tickets/ put across etc. Though it was very simple supply chain, yet it bore many discrepancies, for example, suppose that a travel agent books the ticket for a particular(prenominal) destination for his journey but

The African and Chinese legal systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The African and Chinese legal systems - Essay ExampleAlthough, laws are culture specific and strength of laws still has to originate between man and the natural law. No amount of positive laws will prosper if the self controlled order is not put into consideration. piece beings as intelligent as ever could not be presumed to have no culture. As human beings, they have their own way of settling engagement amount themselves which are born out of human experience. In both Africa and Chinese laws they have their history to look back. Various events in their history shapes the give Leal legal system under which they operate. They have their historical cultures to look back that points evidence to their existence and them the manner they settle conflicts among themselves. The westbound denial or branding on African and Chinese laws could not contradict the existence of internally developed wisdom of each culture. Each host of people in the world has its own way of doing things. For o ther culture not respect anothers culture would be me missing the really point of existence. Perhaps the law must have something to do as well with geographical locations because how these people behave socially or individually is besides a function of geographical location, where they could be found on earth.

Analyze one song Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analyze one song - Essay ExampleThe key is to critically go and determine why songs disturb us the way they do. To demonstrate this point, this student will analyze the song Always Remember Me by Ry Cuming. The specific aspects that will closely look at involve the songs instrumentation, lyrics, and electronic production. When analyzing any given song, one needs to look at how the instrumentation employed impacts the listeners mood as the medical specialty fills their ears. No case how impactful the lyrics of a song might be, it is of little use if the musical content does not work. It would be similar to a car having a perfect engine, to date no tires. This particular song has instrumentation that truly seems to place the listener into the music studio of Ry Cuming. Viorica Barbu-Iurascu reminds us that Music is the metaphysical counterpart to everything physical (170). by chance like no other media, music transcends us to another place. We can leave the world behind as our co nsciousness becomes completely involved with the music that is playing within us. Naturally, some musical composers accomplish this transformation to the metaphysical world better than other, but this is still the aim of the musician. Music becomes an art that mustiness be studied and examined closely to truly appreciate its beauty. Always Remember Me is composed of music that represents the lyrics being sung. The musical arrangement of this song begins with a thinly playing guitar. This immediately sets the tone for what is to come by providing the listener with a soothing introduction into the lyrics to come. In essence, this opening prepares all who listen to relax, settle down, and be move by arrangement. Without this type of opening, the song would not be nearly as hard-hitting in transforming people to that metaphysical realm that Iurascu talks about. As the lyrics begin to be sung, something interesting happens. The guitar playing moves softly to the background. When lyri cs are not being sung, the guitar once again becomes the centerpiece and gradually becomes louder. Reflecting upon this, the author feels that Cuming has done an effective job at using the instrumentation to be a focal point of the song. Whereas most songs rely on the lyrics and the rhyming of such words, this particular artificer seems to be more focused on allowing the guitar to speak to the listener. The softly playing melody really rocks most who listen into a new arena and a new realm of thinking. It is almost as if the old adage forget all of your troubles for the moment rings true with this song. The music has a way of hearty and soothing the soul. The arrangement does not jar the listener awake, rather it allows them to sit back and really be metamorphosed into another place and time. It is common to want to analyze the lyrics in a song. We seem to be obsessed with trying to understand what the artist is trying to say through his or her music. Analyzing musical lyrics, how ever, must go deeper than merely just trying to understand what the words mean. As Katrina McFerran writes, Lyrics are not simple statements of information they are creative and multifaceted expressions of experience (38). So, as one seeks to analyze the lyrics of any given song, they must move beyond simply trying to understand what the words mean and move into the realm of experiencing what moved the artist to write the words in the

1968 Democratic Convention Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

1968 Democratic Convention - Research Paper ExampleDespite of its abstruse legacy, there catch been some matters related to the business relationship of this party, which still haunt the stakeholders (Campbell, 2008). One of these events is the Democratic National Convention of 1968 at the International Amphitheatre in sugar, Illinois (Campbell, 2008). This paper is an attempt to present a brief account of the events that led to this convention, the happenings during the convention and events that took place in the aftermath. Discussion Before light is shed on the convention, it is important to draw a rough and succinct sketch of the events leading to Democratic Convention of 1968 that would help in better understanding of the entire event and its happenings. Events leading to 1968 Democratic Convention Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. Without any doubts, the man who saw the dream, Martin Luther King, Jr. remains as one of the most influential personalities in the Americ an history (Hoffman, Leary & Mailer, 2008). During the late 1950s and 1960s, he had become the icon of American liberalism, anti Vietnam War advocate, civil right activist and leader of the tranquility movement (Dautrich & Yalof, 2009). It was on April 4, 1968 when he was assassinated at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. This created widespread anger, licking and rage in the public and riots spread in major get together States, such as Washington D.C., Kansas City, Baltimore, Louisville, Chicago, and various 100 other major cities causing damage of more than 50 million US dollars (Farber, 1988). In fact, Chicago has not witnessed such magnitude of riots since 1968. During these disturbances, 11 citizens lost their lives, 48 injured, 90 police officers were wounded, and more than 2156 were taken into police custody (Kusch, 2004). Despite the fact that the city appeared to be getting back to the normal after a week or so but this event installed the first wave of anger and frustration within the hearts of minds, parts of which became evident during the convention as well (Edy, 2006). Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy After the death of Luther King, Jr. Robert F. Kennedy was the first political leader, who was also trial for the Democratic Party nomination for President. Kennedy had lost his brother John F. Kennedy earlier in the decade (Farber, 1988). Shortly after addressing his supporters at midnight in a ballroom at The Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles, he left for addressing a press conference (Kusch, 2004). On his way to the conference, he took the route that went through the kitchen and a Palestinian immigrant, Sirhan Bishara Sirhan, who shoot Kennedy in the chest three times. He died after 26 hours, thus depriving the democratic party of a charismatic and influential leader who would have gone on to win the Democratic convention (Campbell, 2008 Hoffman, Leary & Mailer, 2008). Decision of Lyndon B. Johnson not to contest for the second term L yndon B. Johnson, one of the four political personalities in the history of United States to serve as the President, Vice President, Representative, and Senator during his career, was the 36th president of the United States who served during the 1963-1969 era. He served as the vice president during the Kennedy era and took over the job as the president of the country after his assassination. He ran for the office after completing that term and won with an overwhelming majority. Johnson is still praised by critics and observers for his domestic policies such as Great Society legislations (McGowen, 2003). However, he paid the price for increasing American involvement in Vietnam War in form of his sharply declining popularity, both in the American

The Major Competitors for the Digital Television Communication Case Study

The Major Competitors for the Digital Television Communication - Case Study ExampleThis research will begin with the narration that the rapid advancement of the communication technology is bringing a number of advantages to the users of the improved technology. One of such advanced development is the digital television. While the consumers in general recognize the benefits of the advanced technology, they are also aware of the complexities and other disadvantages of the intrusion and other anti-social incidents. The major objective of technology today is to align itself with the preferences of the consumers as to the ways in which they would like to enjoy their lei genuine time. This is becoming increasingly important as the customers depend on the improvements in technology for their day to day needs. In this context, the Digital Television technology is offering a wide range of benefits to the consumers. At the same time, the technology is not left without competition both in te rms of the hardware and also from other kinds of service providers in the visual communication media. The three dissimilar digital delivery platforms - terrestrial, cable and satellite - accommodate operated as a potential hindrance to the growth of the digital TV market in the UK. The early market entrants have created proprietary systems that have alter the growth of the digital TV. The competition between the satellite and terrestrial platforms is such that set-top boxes are now being provided free to digital subscribers. However out of this IPTV is not likely to pose any stiff competition currently to Digital TV despite the support from the service providers. IPTV is primarily a defensive question by the major service providers rolling out services. While they have the potential to generate additional revenues for operators, the key driver of deployment - in the short-term at least - will be improving customer loyalty and adding greater depth to the services provided to con sumers over ADSL networks. (CBR) But in future, this particular segment is sure to act as a major competitor for digital TV. Personal Video Recorder (PVR) Being an additional service offered by the Pay-TV operators the penetration train of PVR is not that significant in the UK context. Since PVR represents a time-shifted viewing this segment may develop into a powerful competitor in the future as in the US already 18 percent of the households were having a PVR at the end of 2006 with the development in Europe is not that significant which remained at 2 percent of the household having a PVR. High Definition TV Even though there is no potential threat of competition from the HD TV presently due to lack of HD programming in the UK the likelihood of this segment becoming a major development in the digital technology area is imminent. The promotional material of free set-top boxes from the Pay TV operators has seriously affected the integration of the digital TV market. On the service side, there are various service providers providing different forms of services to attract the consumers. Freeview has an important role to play in the Television market offering over 40 channels delivering digital television through a standard antenna. All entertainment avenues in the form of music, news, sport, and films are available free to the customers and Freeview is in hot demand with no price as its selling point. sky provides a service for which people are willing to pay. Its base package alone provides a far greater choice than its free competitor, while those who adjure to broaden this foundation are free to select from packages that will deliver everything from the latest blockbusters to live premiership football.

Quality Metal Service Essay Example for Free

Quality Metal Service EssayAn overview of apostrophize, salary, revenue, and investment funds centers Cost classification in accounting also involves the allocation of costs, revenues and responsibilities to various mettles or departments. These nubs include== Cost centres== Revenue centres== Profit centres== Investment centresCost CentresA cost centre (CC) is a unit, location or department where cost data is collected. The purpose of the cost centre is to collect, analyze and ascertain costs in its immediate context. Cost centres ordinarily have cost unitsunits or equipment for which costs ar determinable or attributable. Overheads and direct costs constitute the cost structure of a CC. Since many activities in an organisation involve costs, a cost centre is a sound aspect, especially as attain and investment centres can be cost centres. match to the ACCA Study Text (Management accounting, c 1999), cost centres can manifest themselves as a project, a machine, department or overhead costs. One should none that a specific cost centre might not necessarily have other functions. CCs argon not limited to production and manufacturing, since they can also be attributed to service centres, like commercial bank branches for example.Revenue CentresThese centres deal exclusively with revenue. Even though costs may arise from these areas, the revenue centre is not accountable for costs. Its purpose is primarily to maximise sales and revenue.Profit centreThe profit centre addresses both costs and revenue. Therefore, the manager accountable for a profit centre is accountable for the purchases and sales for that unit, department or branch. Since both revenue and costs fall down the stairs the purview of the profit centre, it is both a cost and revenue centre, although a revenue centre is not a profit centre and a cost centre might not necessarily be a profit centre.Investment centresInvestment centres are profit centres that are accountable for cost, revenues and net assets for capital investment. This unit is assessed by overstep on investment and is a cost centre. Managers in an investment centre are obligated for purchasing capital or non-current assets and making investment decisions with capital.Investment centresInvestment centres are profit centres that are accountable for cost, revenues and net assets for capital investment. This unit is assessed by return on investment and is a cost centre. Managers in an investment centre are responsible for purchasing capital or non-current assets and making investment decisions with capital.Responsibility centres are the umbrella term for cost, profit, revenue and investment centres, since their performance is under the direct control of a manager. The cost centre concept is present in profit and investment centres. The profit centre can be booth alone or, with additional responsibilities, an investment centre. Revenue centres operate in a similar manner to cost and profit centres, but th eir managers are primarily responsible for maximizing revenues and sales. An accountant needs to know the different types of centres to understand the information needs and requirements of the managers of the various units.Responsibility CentresA responsibility centre is an organizational subsystem charged with a well-defined mission and headed by a manager accountable for the performance of the centre. Responsibility centres constitute the primary building blocks for management control. It is also the fundamental unit of analysis of a budget control system. Aresponsibility centre is an organization unit headed by a responsible manager. There are four major(ip) types of responsibility centres cost centres,revenues centres, profit centres and investment centres.Cost CentreA cost centre is a responsibility centre in which manager is held responsible for controlling cost inputs. There are two general types of cost centres engineered expense centres and discretionary expense centres. E ngineered costs are usually expressed as standard costs. A discretionary expense centre is a responsibility centre whose budgetary performance is based on achieving its goals by operating deep down predetermined expense constraints set through managerial judgement or discretion.Revenue CentreA revenue centre is a responsibility centre whose budgetary performance is measured primarily by its ability to generate a specified level of revenue.Profit CentreIn a profit centre, the budget measures the difference between revenues and costs.Investment CentreAn investment centre is a responsibility centre whose budgetary performance is based on return on investment. The lend oneselfs of responsibility centres depend to a great extent on the type of organization structure involved. Engineered cost centres, discretionary expense centre, and revenue centres are more often used with functional organization designs and with the function units in a matrix design. In contrast, with a divisional or ganization designs, it is possible use profit centres because the large divisions in such a structure usually have control over both the expenses and the revenues associated with profits.

Eurotechnologies Inc Essay Example for Free

Eurotechnologies Inc EssayBATNA The city of Tamarack will give a 25% tax inducing to Twin Lakes tap Company if the caller-up agrees to construct coat roads and touch the consumed mines area. The city of Tamarack will agree to maintain the roads during the pass season. Reservation The city of Tamarack will construct pave roads if Twin Lakes Mining Company agrees to maintain the roads and restore the tourist areas. passing play away Construction of dirt roads and restoration of the land near the tourist locations. 2.On behalf of the city of Tamarack, I would like to negotiate a resolving power to find a common ground on which we can agree on how the roads will be paved, who will maintain the roads, who will restore the consumed mines and a potential tax teddy for Twin Lakes Mining Company.3.companyTwin lakes mining companyhereafter known as companymakes significant section to tamarackMinnesotaemploying 60% of residentproviding 33% of the city realestate tax baseand is considered an integral entity to the towns longevity.The city needs Twin Lakes Mining Company to maintain the Current city of tamarack .4. GovernmentTwin Lakes Mining Companys operates on a zero deficit city of tamarack nnum decree. Lake mining company has directly caused some problemssuch as the need for improvement concerning water qualityair qualityand effluvia and pollution vigilanceThe city also relies upon the heave property economiy to provide economicculture and recreation services to the government communityTwin Lakes Mining Company does non lead the city of tamarack to continue operation in other locations improvement as a corporate entity.5. CompanyOur company recognizes the urgency from the city to deal with water qualityair quality and road maintenanceescalating demands and the overallclimate of the industry accompanied by the financial limitations placed by city of tamarack officeBased on this knowledgethe following lists embody the issue and objectives to be addres sed during the negotiation periodIssue Our company treatment planthe city economy projected growth over the next few years will require an additional water extractioncompany must address clean up issue for basic requirement and co-existence with city Bond issueassuming Million bond would bind company to city Taxescompany is paying too much in taxesconsidering them unfair in structure and amountand is unacceptable Road Construct paved roads with funds from Twin Lakes Mining Company and restore land near tourist resort areas. Target A 25% tax break for Twin Lakes Mining Company in exchange for paved roads and restoring land near tourist areas.

The Dred Scott Decision Essay Example for Free

The Dred Scott Decision EssayThe Dred Scott decision of 1865 had many implications on the status of free blacks in the United States, along with the apprehension of popular sovereignty, and the future of bondage in America.Dred Scott was a slave who moved in with his master to the free state of Illinois. He claimed that residence in a free state made him a free man, and he fought for his freedom all the way to the Supreme Court (1865). Chief Justice Taney ruled that since blacks could not be citizens, they had no right to sue in a federal court. The court also went further and said the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional.This decision greatly affected the status of free blacks in the United States. They were not allowed any additional rights due to the fact that they were not citizens. Therefore, they could not advance in ball club socially, and otherwise. Because of this, they could not vote and freely voice their opinions as the Constitution did not apply to them.The D red Scott decision also had many implications on the concept of popular sovereignty. It was questioned that if sexual intercourse could not exclude slaves from a territory, how could a mere territorial legislature do so? Until statehood was granted, slavery seemed as unprofaned as freedom of religion or speech or any other civil liberty guaranteed by the Constitution. Where formerly freedmen (as guaranteed in the Bill of Rights) was a national institution and slavery a local one, now according to the Court, slavery was nationwide, as was excluded only where states specifically abolished it. This meant that popular sovereignty had virtually no jurisdiction in the aspect of slavery in a territory, because slavery was only abolished if a state specifically said so.The future of slavery was also impacted upon by the Dred Scott decision. It convinced thousands that the southwestward was engaged in an aggressive attempt to extend the peculiar institution so far that it could no longer b e considered peculiar. Although slavery was eventually outlawed, at that time it seemed that there was to be no end.

Business Ethics Role of the Board

Business Ethics Role of the BoardThe Role of the BoardThe directors be individuals who represent the interest of the shareholders in the overall running of the company. Once the shareholders money is taken, the directors receive high level information relating to the running of the company at maturate meetings which occur periodically-at this meeting, the CEO reports to the notice indicating what the status us. Directors are appointed on a number of platforms. The board approve stock grants, they might approve/ judge acquisitions etc.-high end decisions relating to strategic direction rather than operating(a) matters.Some are independent subject matter experts bought in to advise. It is the CEOs decision how this is acted upon. Holstein (2006) described an event at a Tiffany board meeting during which a limited interest group had been instigated with a view to examination of conflict diamonds. The findings were brought to the board meeting and the CEO instantly took action ceas ing all transactions concerning conflict diamonds in order to prevent an ethical debate that could ultimately affect sales of a firm wiling to deal in such a commodity.If the board disapprove of actions, the board has one key ability namely the removal of the CEO. On this basis it is often prudent to follow the advice of the board. The board can be an addition in that they can support the CEO and assist in the running and strategic direction however conversely they can equally make despicable decisions and therefore be a hindrance to the company and lead to its destruction.In order to form and manage a board of directors, there are a number of protocols/recommendations designed to increase the rate of success. Allio (2004) wrote that root cause analysis of corporate oversight is commonly attributed to a lack of attention to the methods by which the board is intended to deal with its responsibilities. Forming and managing a board of directors requires consideration -one thing that p eople need to be aware of is when seeking venture capital and doing due industriousness on the plan and individuals, Due diligence should be done on the venture capitalist as a prospective board member.Kelly and Gennard (1996) discussed the merits of appointing personnel directors as members of board of directors highlighting a number of firms in which this was found to be beneficial in shaping the formation and implementation of business strategy.Cantor (2003) wrote describing how contemporary directors are frequently chosen for such skills as judgement, leadership and business integrity however more significantly is not how to act as contrasted to when to act and this can only be gained with a comprehensive understanding of the risks of the company. Cantor stressed that a more suitable process regarding the selection knobbed questioning relative to the extant risks, whether there was a knowledge gap in the existing board membership and if the candidate could plug that knowledge gap.This was echoed by Hutcheson (2002) who wrote that a board of directors can be an asset if shareholders are clear as to the purpose of the board explaining that board membership should be designed to assemble the knowledge and skills gaps in the extant management. Ideally, board member selection must be objective, honest and isolated from the CEO on non-business and financial platforms, facilitating transparency.Davies et al, (2002) described board debates focussing on their presumed responsibilities highlighting that there appeared to be little forethought as to the importance and significance of the contents of these responsibilities. This suggested that boards tended to have a passive place in which decisions were pushed through by dominant CEOs or managers and that the existence of the board was merely lip-service rather than a pro-active asset. Furthermore, boards needed to develop greater leadership and decision-making skills. Heffes (2009) wrote that boards should waiv e the opportunity to scrutinise the business plan of the company for the following year, and additionally called for greater more effective communication in order to relay their findings on the current state of the business and optimum strategic direction and its repercussions on the status quo. Consideration needed to be given as to what needs to be relayed to all stakeholders.ReferencesAllio, R., (2004), Whats the boards role in strategy development? Why you need to redesign your board of directors an interview with Jay Lorsch. Strategy Leadership Chicago32.5 (2004) 34-37.Cantor, P., (2003). Getting the board of directors on board. Ivey Business Journal Online London (Jan/Feb 2003) 1.Davies, A., Joyce, P., Beaver, G., Woods, A., (2002). Leadership boards of directors. Strategic Change Chichester11.4(Jun/Jul 2002) 225.Heffes, E. (2009). Boards of directors directors roles in assessing strategy. Financial Executive Morristown25.2 (Mar 2009) 10.Holstein, W., (2006). CEOs Under Fire . Chief Executive New York 215 (Jan/Feb 2006) 50-52.Hutcheson, J., (2002). Board pitiful A bad board of directors can be worse than no board at all. Heres how to make sure your small-business clients get the help they need. Financial be after New York (Apr 1, 2002) 81-82.Kelly, J., Gennard, J. (1996). The role of personnel directors on the board of directors. Personnel Review Farnborough25.1 (1996) 7-24.

Seed priming technique

disgorge terra firma proficiencyAbstractSeed dry land is a technique by which sow ins are part hydrated to a point where sprouting processes begin but radical number does not occur. Priming can be raise effective some(prenominal) for legumes and grain crops. A pot experiment was conducted under green house conditions at Pir Mehr Ali shah, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi during summer of 2007. The sows were in naughtated by traditional drenching (hydro basis), osmo-conditioning ( soakage of disgorges in charged, low-water-potential solutions) exploitation, potassium di-hydrogen phosphate KH2PO4, Mannitol, Polyethylene diol (PEG), sodium molybdate (Na2MO4.2H2O) and hormonal priming by using salicylic acid (SA). The ranges of osmotic potential for both the priming interferences were -0.5 to -1.2 M Pa. any the in wholeheartednessation treatments significantly affected plant vigor, biomass, root, shoot duration and nodulation. Osmopriming using P 0.60% applied in the form of KH2PO4 significantly amend seed vigour in terms of mean emergence time (5.52 to 4.51 days), final germination percentage (74 to 89%) root and shoot distance and nodulation (0 to 4 nodules seedling-1) followed by mannitol priming (Mannitol 2%). Overall all the seed priming techniques significantly improved the vigour of mungbean seedlings as compare to control. The use of polythene glycol is expensive and gave similar results as for dry seeding so it should be replaced by hydropriming in further experiments. It is recommended that nutrient-priming and osmopriming can be used as effective tool for invigoration of mungbean seeds, for better growth and seedling make-up.Key words Osmo-priming, hydropriming, vigna radiata, seedling vigour, nodulationINTRODUCTIONSeed priming is a practice by which seeds are partly hydrated to a point where germination processes begin but radical emergence does not occur (Harris et al., 2000). Seed priming can be found effective for l egumes i.e., leaves of Mungbean and Chickpea were increased substantially by priming seeds for 8 h before sowing (Harris et al., 1999 Musa et al., 2001 Rashid et al., 2004).Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) is grown on over 200,000 ha with achievement of more than 100,000 t under rainfed and irrigated conditions in Pakistan. Yields for the rainfed area are generally low and variable overdue to sparse, erratic rainwater and marginal soils. Mungbean production in Punjab Province is dependent mainly on airfoil irrigation but it is also grown under rain fed conditions. In the Southern region of Pakistan rainfall is scanty and mungbean is grown with surface irrigation only. Poor crop brass instrument is a major restraint for mungbean production (Naseem et. al., 1997 Rahmianna et al., 2000) and high school yields can be associated with early vigor (Kumar et al., 1989).Improved seed invigoration techniques are being used to reduce the germination time, to get synchronized germi nation, improve germination rate, and improve seedling stand in many horticultural (Bradford et al. 1990 Rudrapal and Nakamura 1998) and field crops like stalk, stinker (Aquilla and Tritto 1991 Basra et al. 2002) and more recently strain (Farooq et al. 2004). These invigoration techniques include hydropriming, osmoconditioning (Basra et al. 2005), osmohardening (Farooq et al. 2006) and hardening (Farooq et al. 2004). These treatments can also be assiduous for earlier and better nursery stand establishment (Lee et al. 1998).This study was initiated to explore the effects of aerated hydration, hormonal priming (salicylic acid), nutrient priming (Phosphorous and molybdenum loading) and osmo-conditioning on mungbean (vigna radiata) seed vigour under green house conditions.MATERIALS AND METHODSSeed materialSeeds of mungbean cultivar Chakwal Mung-97 (CH-MUNG 97) were obtained from Barani Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Chakwal. The seeds were sterilized by using 30% hypochlori te for quintet minutes and then washed three times with distilled water.Seed TreatmentsThe following seed priming treatments were appliedNutrient primingThe seeds were soaked in aerated solution of phosphorous (P 0.60 1.20 %) and molybdate (Mo 0.02 0.04 %). The sources for phosphorous and molybdenum were potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) and sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4.2H2O), respectively.OsmoprimingThe seeds were soaked in aerated solutions of mannitol (mannitol 2 % 4 %) and polyethylene glycole (Polyethylene glycol 5% 10%).Hormonal primingThe seeds were soaked in aerated solution of salicylic acid (SA 10 20 ppm)Post treatment operations aft(prenominal)wards seed treatments the seeds were given surface washing three times by distilled water. Aeration was also applied by pump. Air dried soil was placed in 10-cm tall plastic pots with 6-cm diameter. The soil used in the pot experiment was sandy loam having pH of 7.9. Soil was made friable by scratching the surface wit h a two cm wide table fork to a depth of 1-cm of moist soil. The seeds were also inoculated before sowing. Ten numbers of seeds were planted in each pot and thinned to six plants per pot. Similar amount of water applied in regular intervals to all pots under study. The plants were harvested 21 days after sowing (DAS), and seedlings root/shoot length were taken. The seedlings were dried at 75 oC for 48 hours and the dry matter was finally determined. The complete randomized design (CRD) was used in pot experiment. psychoanalysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare treatment means.RESULTSThe data showed that unalike seed priming treatments had significant (pThere was significant (pThere was significant (pThe data depicts that seed priming had significant impact on the root as well as shoot length, 21 days after sowing (DAS). All the priming treatments significantly increased the root as well as shoot length of seedlings. The data revealed that T5 (P 0.60%) and T9 (mannitol 2 % ) gave the best results. The lowest root length (4.56 cm) was observed in control. T4 (Mo 0.04%) showed give way out root length than T2 and T3 (Mo 0.02 %) and higher from control. Treatment T6 (P 1.2%) showed lower root length than T5 (P 0.06%) and at par with T1 and T4. Hormonal priming using salicylic acid (SA 20 ppm) also showed lower root length than T7 (SA 10 ppm) and at par with T4 and T6. The data also showed that T10 (mannitol 4%) is lower than T9 (mannitol 2%) and at par with T7. The data also depicts that T12 (PEG 10%) showed lower root length as compare to T11 (PEG 5 %) which showed also higher root length than all other treatments except T2 and T9 (Figure 1).Maximum shoot length observed in the T5 (P 0.06 %) followed by T9 (mannitol 2%). The data also depicts the shortest shoot length was observed in the control. The data also revealed that T4 resulted in lower shoot length than T3 and T2. It is also evident that T6 is lower than T5 and at par with T3 and T2 (Figure 1). T8 showed higher shoot length than T7 and at par with T2, T3 and T6. Treatments T9 and T10 and T11, T12 also showed similar results.DiscussionEarlier and more uniform germination and emergence was observed in primed seeds as indicated by lower MET and E50, higher germination percent and root and shoot dry weight (tables 1). Lesser MET and E50 specify the earlier and rapid germination. These findings support the prior work on canola (Brassica compestris) (Zheng et al., 1994), wheat berry (Triticum aestivum) (Nayyar et al., 1995) and rice (Oryza sativa) (Lee and Kim 2000 Basra et al., 2003) who described improved germination rate and percentage in seeds subjected to hydropriming and seed hardening for 24 h.This study revealed that osmo, nutrient and hormonal priming could invigorate mungbean seeds. One of the reasons for decreased MET is that during pre-sowing seed treatments the dormancy of the seed is broken and the seed bio-chemical processes commences, which lead t o faster germination and emergence (Farooq et al., 2006). Seed priming ensured the seemly hydration, which resulted in enhanced activity of a-amylase that hydrolyzed the macro starch molecules in to smaller and simple sugars. The availability of instant food to the germinating seed gave a vigorous start as indicated by lower E50 and MET in treated seeds (Farooq et al.,2006) during priming de novo synthesis of a-amylase is also documented (Lee and Kim, 2000). Early emergence as indicated by lower E50 and MET in treated seeds may be due to the faster production of germination metabolites (Saha et al. 1990 Lee Kim 2000 Basra et al. 2005) and better genetic repair, i.e. earlier and faster synthesis of DNA, RNA and proteins (Bray et al. 1989). color in and Steckel (1983) also reason that priming increased embryo length, which resulted in early initiation of germination in carrot seeds.The increased shoot and root length in primed plants can be due to metabolic repair of damage during treatment and that change in germination events i.e., changes in enzyme concentration and make-up and reduction of lag time between imbibition and radicle emergence (Bradford et al., 1990). Treated seeds had stronger embryos that were able to more easily emerge from seeds (Harris et al., 2005). These results are also in zephyr with the findings of Sekiya et al. (2009) who reported enhanced root and shoot length of seedlings obtained from P enriched seeds. To contribute to plant growth and development seed priming has been widely reported technique (Harris et al., 2005). Ajouri et al. (2004) reported a stimulation of P and Zn uptake, as well as an improved germination and seedling growth in barley after soaking seeds in water and in solutions containing 5-500 mM P.It has been also reported invigorated seeds had higher vigour levels (Ruan et al. 2002), which resulted in earlier start of emergence as high vigour seed lots performed better than low vigour ones (Hampton and Tekrony 199 5). Yamauchi and Winn (1996) also reported positive correlation between seed vigour and field performance in rice.Earlier, Zheng et al. (2002) reported earlier and uniform emergence in rice seeds osmoprimed with KCl and CaCl2 and mixed salts under flooded conditions. Hydropriming improved the early and vigorous crop establishment in maize (Nagar et al. 1998) and Helichrysum bracteatum L. (Grzesik Nowak 1998). However, other studies resulted in poor emergence from hydroprimed Kentucky bluegrass seeds under field conditions (Pill Necker 2001). However Nascimento and West (1999) reported early germination of primed seeds but not recorded any improvement in the growth of seedlings in muskmelon seeds under laboratory conditions. Confounding results, where priming did not show any beneficial results, also reported by different research workers (Mwale et al., 2003 Giri and Schillinger, 2003).The increase of nodulation, seedling vigor and tolerance to stresses may depend on unhomogeneous factors occurring during priming treatment. One hypothesis is that benefits of priming can be due to metabolic repair of damage during treatment and that change in germination events i.e., changes in enzyme concentration and formation and reduces lag time between imbibition and radicle emergence (Bradford et al., 1990). One of the possible reasons for early nodule formation may be due to enhanced activity of a-amylase and sucrose synthase in primed seeds which may facilitate plant growth and vigor (Lee and Kim, 2000).From the present study it may be concluded that seed priming may enhance the seedling vigour of mungbean. Nutrient priming using phosphorous and osmopriming with mannitol were the most efficient priming treatments in this study. In further research work biochemical basis for the enhanced phenology of mungbean may be evaluated.REFERENCESAquilla D. A., V. Tritto. 1991. Germination and biochemical activities in wheat seeds following delayed harvesting, senescent and osmo tic priming. Seed Sci.Tech.1973 82.Anonymous.2009. Agriculture statistics of Pakistan. Ministry of Food,Agriculture and Livestock. Economic wing, Islamabad. Pp. 46-47.Association of Official Seed Analysis (AOSA). 1998. Rules for testing seeds. J. Seed Tec.121-112.Association of Official Seed Analysis (AOSA).1983.Seed Vigor Testing Handbook. Contribution No. 32 to the Handbook on Seed Testing.Barber, S. A. 1995. Soil nutrient bioavailability, 2nd edn. Willey, New YorkBasra, S. M. A., M. Farooq, K. Hafeez and N. Ahmad. 2004. Osmohardening A new technique for rice seed invigoration. Int. rice Res.Notes.2980 81.Basra SMA, Farooq M, Tabassum R. 2005. Physiological and biochemical aspects of seed vigor enhancement treatments in fine rice (Oryza sativa L.). Seed Sci.Tech.33623 628.Basra S. M. A., M. N. Zia, T. Mehmood, I. Afzal, A. Khaliq.2002. Comparison of different invigoration techniques in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds. Pak. J Arid Agric.511 16.Basra, S. M A., Farooq, M. and Tabassum, R. 2005. Physiological and biochemical aspects of seed vigor enhancement treatments in fine rice (Oryza sativa L.). Seed Sci.Tech.33623-628.Basra, S.M.A., Farooq, M. and Khaliq,A.2003.Comparative study of pre-sowing seed enhancement treatments in fine rice (Oryza sativa L.). Pak. J. smell Soc. Sci.15-9.Basra, S.M.A., Farooq, M., Hafeez, K and Ahmed, N.2004.Osmohardening A new technique for rice seed invigoration. Inter. Rice Res.Notes.2774-75.Basra, S.M.A., Farooq, M., Tabassum, R. and Ahmed, N. 2005. Physiological and biochemical aspects of seed vigor enhancement treatments in fine rice (Oryza sativa L.). Seed Sci.Tech.33 623-628.Basra, S.M.A., M. Farooq and A. Khaliq. 2003.Comparative study of pre-sowing seed enhancement treatments in indica rice (Oryza sativa L.). Pakistan J. Life Soc.Sci.1 5-9.Basra, S.M.A., Zia, M.N., Mehmood, T., Afzal, I. and Khaliq, A.2002.Comparision of different invigoration techniques in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds. Pak. J. Arid Agri.511 -16.Bose, B. and Mishra, T. 1992. Response of wheat seed to pre-sowing seed treatments with Mg (NO3). Annals.Agri.Res.13132-136.Bradford KJ, Steiner JJ, Trawatha SE.1990. Seed priming influence on germination and emergence of pepper seed lots. Crop Sci.30718 721.Bradford, K.J., 1990. A water relations analysis of the seed germination rates. Plant Physiol.94840-849.Bray C.M., P.A. Davison, M. Ashraf, R.M. Taylor, biochemical changes during osmopriming of leek seeds, Ann.Bot.Lond.63185-193.Bray, C.M., Davison, P.A., Ashraf, M., Taylor, R.M. 1989. Biochemical changes during osmopriming of leek seeds. Annals Bot.36185-193.Chojnowski M., F. Corbineau, D. Cme, Physiological and biochemical changes induced in sunflower seeds by osmopriming and subsequent drying, storage and aging, Seed Sci.Res.7323-331.Coolbear, P., Francis, A., Grierson, D.1984.The effect of low temperature pre-sowing treatment under the germination performance and membrane integrity of artificially aged tomato seeds. J. Exp.Bot.351609-1617.Rudrapal, D., S. Nakamura, The effect of hydration-dehydration pretreatments on eggplant and radish plant seed viability and vigour. Seed Sci.Tech.16123-130.Dahal, P., Bradford, K.J., 1990. effects of priming and endosperm integrity on seed germinationDas, J. C., and A. K. Choudhury. 1996. deed of seed hardening, potassium fertilizer, and paraquat as anti-transpirant on rainfed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Indian J. Agron. 41397-400.Duman, I. 2006. make of seed priming with PEG or K3PO4 on Germination and Seedling Growth in Lettuce. Pak. J. Bio. Sci. 9 (5) 923-928Ellis, R.A. and E.H. Roberts. 1981. The quantification of ageing and survival in orthodox seeds. Seed Sci. and Technol. 9 373-409Farooq M, Basra SMA, Cheema MA, Afzal I. 2006. consolidation of pre-sowing soaking, chilling and heatingtreatments for vigor enhancement in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Seed Sci.Tech.34499 506.Farooq M, Basra SMA, Hafeez K, Ahmad N. 2005. Thermal hardening A new seed vigor en hancement tool in rice. J.Integ.PlantBio.4787 193.Farooq M, Basra SMA, Hafeez K, Warriach EA. 2004. The influence of high and low temperature treatments on the seed germination and seedling vigor of coarse and fine rice. Int.RiceRes.Notes.2969 71.Farooq M, Basra SMA, Hafeez K. 2006. Seed invigoration by osmohardening in fine and coarse rice. Seed Sci.Tech.34181 187.Farooq M, Basra SMA, Karim HA, Afzal I. 2004. Optimization of seed hardening techniques for rice seed invigoration. Emir.J.Agric.Sci.1648 57.Farooq, M., Basra, S.M.A., Hafeez, K and Ahmad, N. 2005.Thermal hardening a new seed vigor enhancement tool in rice. Ac.Bot.Sin.47187-193.Farooq, M., Basra, S.M.A., Hafeez, K and Warriach, E.A. 2004.The influence of high and low temperature treatments on the seed germination and seedling vigor of coarse and fine rice. Inter. 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